黑色素瘤治疗研究进展

Research Progress in the Treatment of Melanoma

黑色素瘤是一种曾经让医生束手无策的恶性肿瘤,既往治疗手段有限,放疗、化疗及传统免疫治疗疗效不佳,患者预后极差。2011年以来,小分子靶向药物(包括BRAF抑制剂Vemurafenib、Dabrafenib,MEK抑制剂Trametinib等药物)相继面世,预示着黑色素瘤内科治疗进入一个新的研究阶段。而免疫靶向治疗(如抗CTLA-4抗体,抗PD-1、PD-L1抗体)在多项临床试验中的成功,更是缔造了肿瘤治疗的新理念。黑色素瘤治疗逐渐摆脱传统抗肿瘤治疗的模式,进入一个崭新的历史阶段,在可预见的将来,新治疗靶点的研发、多种小分子靶向药物、多种免疫靶向药物的联合治疗,以及小分子靶向药物和免疫靶向药物的联合治疗等模式将会是黑色素瘤治疗的主流。本文主要从小分子靶向药物治疗、免疫靶向治疗、化疗3个方面综述黑色素瘤治疗的研究进展。

Melanoma is an aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis by traditional therapies. Since 2011, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs such as BRAF inhibitors （Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib） and MEK inhibitor （Trametinib） have brought a hope. Whereas new immunolo.gical therapy drugs, including anti-CTLA-4 antibody （Ipilimumab） and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody, have brought a brain storm to the melanoma therapy. The modes of treatment of melanoma are gradually getting rid of the traditional treatment strategy and entering a new historical stage. In the foreseeable future, the research of some new targets, various small molecular targeted drugs, immune targeting therapy of drugs, as well as combination of small molecule targeted drugs and immune targeting drugs will be the mainstream treatment of melanoma. A new era of melanoma therapy is coming. This paper briefly summarizes the advances of molecule-targeted chemotherapy, immunological therapy and chemotherapy.