滴灌施肥下菠萝氮磷钾的营养特性

Nutritional Characteristics of NPK of Pineapple Under Drip Fertigation

菠萝（Ananas comosus）生产上存在着较多的施肥不合理现象,导致肥料利用效率偏低,限制产量提高.另外,菠萝产区的季节性干旱,对肥料利用效率和产量也有明显的限制作用.为有效缓解这一系列问题,以期为指导菠萝合理施肥、提高肥料利用效率、提高自动化管理水平、实现增产增收提供理论参考.在田间试验条件下展开菠萝滴灌施肥技术研究,探索滴灌施肥条件下菠萝需肥特性.结果表明：（1）滴灌施肥下,菠萝植株对K的需要量最大、N次之、P最少,各时期N、P、K养分比例为1∶0.06-0.11∶2-3; （2）滴灌施肥下,N、P、K肥料养分利用率显著提高,与常规施肥相比,分别提高了23.41％、11.39％和33.94％;（3）滴灌施肥下,旺盛生长期和果实膨大期对养分的吸收量最大,施肥需重点集中在旺盛生长期和果实膨大期.

In pineapple production,irrational fertilization and seasonal drought result in low fertilizer use efficiency and inhibit high yield.To explore the nutritional characteristics of pineapple and achieve the goals of increasing fertilizer use efficiency,yield and improving automated management,a field experiment was arranged with drip fertigation.The results showed that pineapple plant took up more potassium than nitrogen and phosphorus under drip fertigation and the N ∶P∶K ratio was 1∶0.06-0.11∶2-3.Compared with conventional practice,drip fertigation could increase nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiency by 23.41％,11.39％ and 33.94％,respectively.The nutrient uptake had two peak periods in vigorous growth stage and fruit enlargement stage,The fertilizer should be applied in vigorous growth and fruit enlargement stage.