木薯成熟种茎多倍体诱导及鉴定

Induction of Cassava Polyploid by Using Mature Stems and the Identification of Polyploid

以木薯品种SC205和新选048的成熟种茎为材料,利用秋水仙素对侧芽进行滴液法处理诱导多倍体,使用流式细胞仪鉴定木薯植株倍性,并通过形态学、解剖学、生理学方法鉴定和分析多倍体、嵌合体和二倍体特征特性。结果表明:通过诱变处理获得了木薯四倍体和嵌合体植株,四倍体和嵌合体植株与二倍体相比表现出最上部全展叶第1和第2叶叶形指数降低、叶片厚度增加,气孔密度变小,叶绿体数目增加,气孔长度、保卫细胞长度和宽度增大,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素总量、SPAD值增高,净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率增大。

Taken the mature stems of cassava ＂SC205＂ and ＂XinXuan 048＂ as the explants,the method of inducing polyploid with colchicine treated in the mature stem buds by dripping was investigated.The ploidy of the mutants were explored with flow cytometry; and the morphological,the cytological and physiological characters of the diploid,tetraploid and chimeras were identified too.The tetraploid and chimeras obtained through induction,compared to the diploid,the top two fully expanded leaves of the tetraploid and chimeras were wider and thicker,with smaller stomatal density,increase of the number of chloroplasts,the width of stomata and guard cell,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid content,total chlorophyll and SPAD values,and the increase of the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate.