肿瘤免疫治疗现状

Current status of tumor immunotherapy

近年来,肿瘤免疫治疗受到越来越多的关注,其历史源自19世纪,到20世纪50年代,人们认为肿瘤发生起因于免疫逃逸。从卡介苗可用于肿瘤免疫治疗到树突状细胞的发现,再到sipuleucel-T用于前列腺癌的治疗以及分子靶向治疗、细胞因子治疗的兴起,肿瘤的免疫治疗不断有新的突破和发现。专家预测未来10年,60%的肿瘤患者主要接受免疫治疗。本文就肿瘤免疫治疗的免疫关卡、疫苗治疗、细胞治疗和免疫治疗疗效评价4个方面,对目前肿瘤免疫治疗的现状做一简要介绍。

In recent years, the tumor immunotherapy becomes more and more popular. Its history can be traced back to the 19th century. In the 1950s, people think that tumor is caused by tumor immune escape. There- fore, the BCG vaccine was initially used in tumor immunotherapy, then dendritic cells were found and sipuleucel-T was used for the treatment of prostate cancer along with the rise of molecular target therapy and cytokine therapy. Many new breakthroughs and discoveries appeared in immunotherapy of tumor. Experts predicted that in the next 10 years, 60% of the patients will accept tumor immune therapy. In this article, a brief introduction of the current sit- uation of tumor immunotherapy will be given by a discussion of 4 spots （the immune checkpoints, vaccine therapy, cell therapy and immunotherapy, and curative effect evaluation）.