学龄期儿童有氧能力与人体成分的关系

Relationship between aerobic capacity and body composition in school-aged children

目的 调查上海市学龄期儿童有氧运动能力现状,探讨人体成分与有氧运动能力之间的关系.方法 以上海市杨浦区一所小学63名儿童为研究对象,分析人体成分（生物电阻抗法）和有氧运动能力（固定功率运动试验,间接测定法）,测定体脂比例（FAT％）、去脂体质量（FFM）、肥胖度、最大氧摄取量（VO2 max）、最大氧脉搏等指标,分析各项指标之间的关系,比较超重肥胖儿童与非超重肥胖儿童各项指标的差异.结果 除1名未进行人体成分测试者外,余62名受试儿童中,超重肥胖组男生与非超重肥胖组相比,VO2 max绝对值更高而VO2 max相对值更低[（1 038.50±157.93） ml/min比（923.90±82.03） ml/min,F=4.812,P=0.005; （23.62±4.22） ml/ （kg·min）比（27.75 ±2.41） ml/ （kg·min）,F=5.633,P=0.002],差异有统计学意义;超重肥胖组的最大氧脉搏有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.女生中,与非超重肥胖组相比,超重肥胖组的VO2 max绝对值有升高趋势[（966.70±131.22） ml/min比（892.55±108.71） ml/min],但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;超重肥胖组的VO2max相对值低于非超重肥胖组[（23.84±4.30） ml/ （kg· min）比（28.09±4.52） ml/ （kg·min）],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;最大氧脉搏高于非超重肥胖组,但差异无统计学意义.控制年龄因素后,VO2 max相对值与体质量指数（BMI）、肥胖度、FAT％、脂肪量（FM）、FFM、脂肪含量指数（FMI）、去脂体质量（FFMI）均呈显著负相关（男：r=-0.675,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.634,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.667,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.726,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.594,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.686,P＜0.000;r=-0.456,P=0.010.女：r=-0.651,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.552,P=0.002;r=-0.527,P=0.003;r=-0.633,P＜0.000 1;r=-0.520,P=0.004; r=-0.579,P=0.001;r=-0.597,P=0.001）.男生中,最大氧脉搏与BMI、FFM、FFMI均显著正相关（r=0.358,P=0.048;r=0.543,P=0.002;r=0.554,P=0.001）;女生中,最大氧脉搏与FFM、FFMI呈正相关（r =0.378,P=0.043; r=0.449,P=0.014）.结论 学龄期儿童的有氧运动能力与人体成分有关.肥胖程度越高,有氧运动能力越差.最大氧脉搏与去脂体质量有一定相关性.

Objective To describe aerobic capacity and body composition of school-aged children in Shanghai and explore the potential relationship between body composition and aerobic capacity.Methods Totally 63 school-aged children in Shanghai were measured for height,weight,fat percentage （FAT%）,and fat-free mass （FFM）.Body composition was estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis （BIA）.Body mass index （BMI）,fat mass index （FMI）,and fat-free mass index （FFMI） were calculated.Aerobic capacity （VO2max and the maximum oxygen pulse） were measured using the COSMED fitmate metabolic systems （combined heart rate and cycling test）.Results The boys who were obese or overweight had both higher absolute value of VO2max and lower relative values of VO2max than other boys [（1 038.50 ± 157.93） ml/min vs （923.90±82.03） ml/min,F=4.812,P=0.005; （23.62±4.22） ml/ （kg· min） vs （27.75 ±2.41） ml/ （kg · min）,F =5.633,P =0.002].The girls who were obese or overweight tended to have higher absolute value of VO2max [（966.70 ± 131.22） ml/min vs （892.55 ± 108.71） ml/min] and lower relative values of VO2 max [（23.84 ± 4.30） ml/ （kg · min） vs （28.09 ± 4.52） ml/ （kg · min）] than other girls.After controlling for age,the relative VO2max values were negatively associated with body mass index （BMI）,degree of obesity,FAT%,FM,FFM,FMI,FFMI （boys：r =-0.675,P 〈 0.000 1 ; r =-0.634,P〈0.000 1; r=-0.667,P〈0.000 1; r=-0.726,P〈0.000 1; r=-0.594,P〈0.000 1;r=-0.686,P〈0.000 1; r=-0.456,P=0.010; girls：r=-0.651,P 〈0.000 1; r=-0.552,P=0.002; r=-0.527,P=0.003; r=-0.633,P〈0.000 1; r=-0.520,P=0.004; r=-0.579,P=0.001 ; r =-0.597,P =0.001）.In boys,the maximum oxygen pulse was positively correlated with BMI,FFM,and FFMI （r =0.358,P=0.048; r =0.543,P=0.002; r =0.554,P=0.001）; in girls,the maximum oxygen pulse was positively correlated with FFM and FFMI （r =0.378,P =0.043 ; r =0.449,P =0.014）.Conclusions Aerobic capacity is associated with body composition in school-aged children.Higher degree of obesity is associated with poorer aerobic capacity.Maximum oxygen pulse is also associated with FFM.