上海市水资源利用效率及其驱动因子分析

Analysis on water resources utilization efficiency and driving factors of Shanghai City

为了正确评估上海市目前水资源利用状况,指出上海市水资源可持续利用的改进方向,构建了上海市水资源利用效率评估指标体系,并评估了上海市历年不同水资源消耗途径的利用效率及其综合效率。结果表明,上海市工业用水效率保持了持续上升的趋势;生活用水效率整体较低,并且表现为持续下降的趋势;生态与环境用水效率整体表现为下降的趋势;农业水资源利用效率历年波动较大,最大值出现在2003年,而最小值出现在2002年;水资源利用历年综合效率呈现出波浪式的变化趋势。水资源利用效率综合得分与综合用水效率表现出了极显著的正相关,与农业水资源利用效率表现出了显著的正相关,与降水量、地表径流表现为显著的负相关。

In order to correctly assess the present water resources utilization condition of Shanghai City and propose the improvement direction of sustainable water resources utilization,the assessment system for water resources utilization efficiency is established and the water resources utilization efficiency in different utilization modes and comprehensive utilization efficiency of Shanghai are assessed. The assessment results show that the industry water utilization efficiency maintains a continuous upward tendency; the living water utilization efficiency is lower in general with a continuous downward tendency; the ecological and environmental water utilization efficiency is in a downward tendency in general; agricultural water use efficiency varies largely,the largest water utilization efficiency is in 2003 while the lowest is in 2002; the comprehensive water utilization efficiency is in a wave- variation tendency. The comprehensive score of water resources efficiency presented an extremely positive correlation with efficiency of water utilization and a positive correlation with agricultural water use efficiency,while significant negative correlation with rainfall and surface runoff.