日本“皇国史观”思想的演进与甲午战争

Evolution of the Japanese Imperial Historical Perception and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

"皇国史观"又称"国体史观",是日本近代天皇制国家意识形态的重要体现,是日本军国主义动员的精神主脉。它的思想因子可追溯到公元8世纪以汉字书写的日本古典《古事记》、《日本书纪》和中世纪的《倭姬命世纪》所包涵的"日本神国论"和"八纮为宇"。此后,经过日本幕府统治时期的镰仓时代的北畠亲房和江户时期的山鹿素行、本居宣长,尤其是佐藤信渊、吉田松荫和福泽谕吉等人的阐发、发酵,成为日本军国主义"大陆政策"的先导。1894年的中日甲午战争,是日本"皇国史观"的重要实践,中日《马关条约》的签订标志着日本实现了兼并朝鲜、侵占台湾的目标,进而推进其"称霸世界"的战略,最终在第二次世界大战中把日本整个国家推向毁灭的边缘。

"Emperorship historical perception ",also known as "State systemhistorical perception",is an important manifestation of the national ideology of modern Japanese Mikado System. It is also the main spirit when Japan mobilizes its militarism. Its ideological factor can be traced back to such Japanese classical literature written in Chinese characters in the eighth Century as"Kojiki","Nihon shoki"and "Wo Jiming Century "written in medieval age,in which contain such theories as"Japan as a holy state"and"H akkō ichiu". Since then,with the further illustration by Kitabatake Chikafusa in Japan's Kamakura period ruled under the regime of Japanese Shogunate,as well as by Yamaka Soyuki,Motoori Norinaga,and especially Itou Nobuzu,Yoshida Matsu and Fukuzawa Yosh in Edo period,it has become the leading perception of the"mainland policy"in Japanese militarism."Jia Wu Sino-Japanese War"which happened in1894 is a clear manifestation of Japanese emperorship historical perception. The signing of "Shimonoseki Treaty "marks Japanese realization of conquering Korea and Taiwan at the same time,and exposing its ultimate goal of dominating the whole world. But finally the emperorship perception pushes Japan to the brink of destruction in the Second World War.