现代化转型中国家治理的风险治理与秩序建构

Risk governance and establishment of order in China's national governance in its transformation to modernization

基于国际视野和国情两大角度观察中国的国家治理,中央领导层对于国家治理已做出基本定位,即总体上是好的,是有独特优势的,是适应中国国情和发展要求的。发展中国家的治理经历了长期的"冲击-回应"模式、"传统-近代"模式与"帝国主义模式",缺陷明显,应该从历史与时空维度考察国家治理的一般性与特殊性。要从全球国家治理有效性出发,即"再民主化需求与发达国家治理面临治理的信任危机"与"发展中国家的民主化转型与国家治理的失败"两大趋势,来看待中国的国家治理蕴含的三大风险:现代的参与性困境和大众治理激发的参与爆发的风险、多元的决策性困境和政府治理面临权威失控的风险、权威的合法性困境和国家治理面临转型动荡的风险,并审视部分治理领域中存在的管理失效与制度失效。中国的国家治理发展趋势是,从与"政党-国家"逻辑契合的国家管理,走向日常政治的国家治理,主要包含:开放混合型的经济治理、多元协商型的政治治理、服务合作型的社会治理、多元大众型的文化治理、高效与负责的精英治理等。"日常政治"成为中国国家治理现代化与建构现代性的发展新趋势。

In view of the international vision and the domestic conditions, China＇s central leading group has the concerted view on the national governance, that is, a generally good operation with its characteristics, suitable to the national conditions and development re- quirements. The national governance of developing countries has experienced a long -term ＂impact -response＂ mode, ＂tradition - modern＂ mode and the ＂imperialist＂ mode with their own defects. It is rational to study national governance from the perspectives of history and space. In terms of the effectiveness of national governance in the world, there are two tendencies for ＂the new democratic demands and a confidence crisis for governance facing developed countries＂ and ＂the failure of democratic transformation and national governance in developing countries＂. China＇s national governance faces three risks, modern -participation predicament and public gov- ernance stimulating participation explosion, the multi - decision dilemma and governance authority out of control, the dilemma of the authority＇s legitimacy and the turbulence in the governance transformation. There are some institutional and management failures in the field of governance. China＇s future governance has the following characteristics ： the transition from a party - state to a daily politics in- cludes the following elements： an open -mixed economic governance, a multiple -negotiation political governance, a service -cooper- ation social governance, a diverse cultural governance and an efficient and responsible elite governance and so on. Thus, the daily poli- tics is the new development trend for China＇s modernization of national governance and its construction of modernity.