应对稀缺:作为手段的宗教信仰——以西南藏区为中心的阐释

Handling scarcity with the means of religious beliefs: A case study of the Tibetan-inhabited area of southwest China

社会结构中的"宗教支柱化"倾向是西南藏区的鲜明社会现象之一,当地民众受到藏传佛教的密切影响,这种局面长期延续,至今未有多少改观。原因诸多,主次分明,而"整体稀缺"是其中的一个主因。"稀缺"既有物质层面的表现,亦有精神层面的表现,前者尤为重要。从物质稀缺与宗教信仰两个层面分析西南藏区藏民适应经济状况的主要内容,说明信仰手段与谋生手段的互相倚重,共同托起生存的内容,而且二者的结合是藏区社会维持稳定,缓慢发展的动力因素。

The religious pillarization is a distinct social phenomenon in the Tibetan - inhabited area of southwest China where the local people have long been under the influence of Tibetan Buddhism. There are many causes for this kind of situation, while ＂overall scarci- ty＂ is a major one. ＂scarcity＂ finds expression both at the material and the spiritual level, but the former is particularly important. This paper analyzes the material scarcity and religious beliefs of Tibetan - inhabited area of southwest China and their economic adaptation. It concludes that beliefs and survival means are interrelated and indispensable to each other, whose integration is the motive force for the slow but stable development of the Tibetan - inhabited area.