西南少数民族国家级“非遗”保护名录的特点与问题分析

Characteristics and problems of the national intangible cultural heritage list of China

国家级"非遗"名录是"非遗"保护的重要手段。西南少数民族国家级"非遗"名录明显存在着民族、地区、类别分布上的不平衡性,代表性传承人在总数上严重不足、老龄化严重、性别比例不协调、类别分布不均衡等特点。国家级"非遗"名录依然存在表述笼统和不规范、申报地区与项目流行地区不一致、项目分类不明确、传承人数量偏少难以满足遗产保护的实际需要、传承人名录体系的分级制度导致传承人人为阶层化等问题。

The national intangible cultural heritage fist is an important means for the protection of intangible cultural heritages in China. The list concerning the minority intangible cultural heritages in southwest China reveals an imbalance in terms of ethnic groups, regions and types as well as the shortage of the representative inheritors who are quite old and male - dominant. This list is not very clear about the cultural heritages and sometimes misinterprets the origins, classification and types. Its category and classification leads to man - made stratification.