川中震旦系—二叠系古岩溶塌陷体成因、特征及意义

Origin,characteristics and significance of collapsed-paleocave systems in Sinian to Permian carbonate strata in Central Sichuan Basin,SW China

基于三维地震资料精细解释和地震属性分析,结合成像测井和取心资料,研究川中震旦系—二叠系碳酸盐岩层系古岩溶塌陷体成因、特征及油气地质意义。古岩溶塌陷体在垂向上广泛发育于震旦系—二叠系碳酸盐岩层系,平面上主要沿断裂末端、转折部位及多条断裂的交叉处分布,剖面上表现为地震同相轴的"下拉"现象。断裂活动是古岩溶塌陷体的主要成因,古岩溶塌陷体的形成演化主要经历了桐湾一幕、桐湾二+三幕以及早加里东期3个阶段,最终定型于二叠纪末期。古岩溶塌陷体储集层具有多层发育、分布广、储集物性好的特征,储集空间由先存孔隙、构造成因缝以及塌陷成因缝复合构成。按照地震尺度,可以将古岩溶塌陷体划分为多层系洞穴系统塌陷体、多层系洞穴通道塌陷体和层内洞穴塌陷体3种类型,上覆变形地层中裂缝分布范围广的多层系洞穴系统塌陷体和多层系洞穴通道塌陷体可能是下一步勘探的有利目标。

The origin, characteristics and geological significance of the collapsed-paleocave systems in the Sinian to Permian carbonate strata in Central Sichuan Basin are studied based on 3D seismic interpretation and attributes analysis, as well as imaging logging and cores. Collapsed-paleocave systems are distributed in the Sinian to Permian carbonate strata vertically and along the ends, releasing offsets and intersections of faults horizontally. On profile, they occur as seismic events push-down. The collapsed-paleocave systems mainly originated from fault movements at three main structural phases, the first stage of Tongwan, the second and third stages of Tongwan and the Early Caledonian, and eventually got. into shape at the end of the Permian. The collapsed-paleocave systems are featured by multi-layers, wide distribution and good reservoir quality, in which reservoir space is made up of pre-existing pores, structure genetic fractures and collapsed genetic fractures. According to seismic response characteristics, three types of collapsed-paleocave systems are identified in this area, including multi-layer cave system collapsed complex, multi-layer cave passage collapsed system and intra-bed cave collapsed system. The first two types, with complex and widespread fractures in the overlying deformed layers, are probably the favorable targets for gas exploration.