中国农民工工伤保险制度演进及运行效果评介

Evaluation on the Evolution and Operation Effect of Work Injury Insurance System for Chinese Migrant Workers

农民工工伤事故频发,其工伤保险受到各方的关注。采用历史分析方法对农民工工伤保险制度演进进行分析,发现工伤保险制度的研究与建设远远滞后于农民工发展的需要。从覆盖范围、行业分布情况、农民工的需求度和满意度四个维度对农民工工伤保险制度运行效果进行评估,发现农民工工伤保险制度的运行具有低效性。运用劳动力供求曲线等方法和技术,从农民工工伤保险需求、工伤保险制度供给和政府在工伤保险制度中的责任三个方面展开分析,其结果表明,农民工对职业风险缺乏足够认识及农民工间接承担工伤保险费用是导致农民工工伤保险需求不足的主要原因;中国现行工伤保险制度覆盖范围窄、工伤认定周期长、制度设置不科学等是导致农民工参保率低的制度供给原因;政府的制度设置责任缺位、激励雇主责任缺位等责任缺失是导致农民工工伤保险制度运行低效的政府责任原因。

Frequent accidents of migrant workers and their work injury insurance have caused great concern in the society. This paper employs the historical analysis method in examining the evolution of work injury insurance system of the migrant workers. It is found that the research and construction of the work injury insurance system for the migrant workers is far behind the development needs of the workers. It is also found that the system operates inefficiently in terms of its coverage area,the industry distribution of the migrant workers and the demand and satisfaction degree of the migrant workers concerning the running of the work injury insurance system. With the help of the method of supply and demand curves,the author provides a comprehensive analysis of the work jury insurance from the following aspects： the requirement and supply of the work injury insurance and the responsibility of the government. The analysis shows that the inadequate understanding about their professional risks and the indirect bearing of the work injury insurance contribute to the low insurance demand of the migrant workers. The institutional reasons for the low insurance rate of the migrant workers are narrow coverage of the current industrial injury insurance system,long period of identifying work injuries and unscientific setting of certain systems. Other causes are the unreasonable system setting of the government and the lack of motivation of employers.