英汉疑问代词衍生功能研究

Study on the Extensional Functions of Chinese and English Interrogative Pronouns

以疑问义为核心范畴的疑问代词是句子的天然焦点,它在英汉两种语言系统中都占据显赫位置。由于其地位显赫,所以常常扩张用途。为了满足人类交际需要,疑问代词从基本疑问义扩张到了遍指、不定指、感叹、否定等非疑问范畴。这一现象跨语言存在并非偶然,是与人类共同的认知规律密不可分的。此外,英汉疑问代词还分别扩张出引导从句功能和回指用法,之所以出现此种类型差异,与疑问代词作为疑问焦点时所处的句法位置息息相关。

Interrogative pronouns which take interrogative meaning as the core category are the natural focus of sentences. Having an important position in both Chinese and English languages,the interrogative pronouns are often expanded in usage. In order to meet the needs of communication,the semantic domain of interrogative pronouns can be expanded to the non-interrogative category,which include universal reference,indefinite reference,exclamation and negation. This phenomenon exists across languages,showing it is not accidental,whereas it is inextricably linked with the common cognitive law of human being. Furthermore,resulting from their syntactic positions as the interrogative focus,the interrogative pronouns of Chinese and English also have derivational functions of introducing a clause or anaphora usage respectively.