口部运动时面部相关联标记点运动的三维定量分析

Facial Motion Associated with Oral Movements: A Preliminary Quantitative 3-Dimensional Analysis

目的定量描述口部运动时,与其相关联的面部标记点运动,以探索评价面瘫、面肌联带运动的三维定量新方法。方法健康志愿者22人(45-60岁),利用"基于运动捕捉的面肌运动三维动态分析系统",采集"用力示齿"、"向右上拉口角"、"向左上拉口角"、"微笑"四个表情动作时,面部相关联标记点(眉弓点、上下眼睑点、内眦点、外眦点)的运动,以最大移动距离(Smax)和最大速率(Vmax)两个参数描述。结果 1.口周运动为主的表情动作中,面部其他部位标记点均有运动,且与位于口周的标记点在某一表情运动中其达到Smax或Vmax的时间分别是一致的。2."用力示齿"动作:Smax下眼睑点(左3.93mm,右4.15mm)>外眦点>上眼睑点>眉弓点>内眦点(左1.59mm,右1.53mm);Vmax眼睑点左上(42.643mm/s)>余眼睑标记点(31.58mm/s-37.62mm/s)>外眦点>眉弓点>内眦点(左11.71mm/s,右11.09mm/s)。3."微笑"动作:Smax及Vmax上眼睑点(左3.05mm,36.14mm/s;右2.53mm,28.90mm/s)>下眼睑点>外眦点>眉弓点>内眦点(左0.69mm,7.22mm/s;右0.77mm,7.80mm/s)。4."向右上拉口角"动作,Smax及Vmax外眦点及下眼睑点右侧明显大于左侧,内眦点右侧略大于左侧,上眼睑点、眉弓点左侧略大于右侧。5."向左上拉口角"Smax及Vmax外眦点、上眼睑点、下眼睑点左侧明显大于右侧,余标记点左侧略大于右侧。结论健康人进行口部运动时,会引起面部其他部位标记点发生相关联的运动,其达到Smax或Vmax的时间分别是一致的。在同一表情动作中,上、下眼睑点及外眦点的Smax、Vmax大于内眦点、眉弓点。Smax及Vmax的较小值出现于"微笑"动作内眦点;较大值出现于"用力示齿"动作下眼睑点。"向左上拉口角"动作同侧面部标记点Smax及Vmax均大于对侧相对称部位标记点。表情动作时面部无静止点。

Objective This is a preliminary study in which we try to quantitatively analyze the movements of facial markers which we set around the Rima Oris in oral predominant facial expressions, and try to find out the influencing factors. Methods Twenty two healthy volunteers （aged from 46 to 60 years） participated in this study. A 3-D dynamic quantitative analysis system of facial motion （3-D ASFM） based on motion capture technique was used. Maximum moving distance （Smax） and maximum velocity （Vmax） were measured to describe facial movements associated with teeth showing, corner of mouth lift-ing （left or right） and smiling. Results 1.The latency to Smax or Vmax were similar for associated markers and markers around the mouth. 2. In“teeth showing”： Smax of markers decreased in the order of“palpebra inferior”（left 3.93 mm, right 4.15 mm）〉“lateral canthus”〉“palpebral superior”〉“eyebrow”〉“medial canthus”（left 1.59 mm, right 1.53 mm）. Vmax of the“left palpebra superior”（42.643 mm/s） was greater than the other eyelid markers （31.58 mm/s-37.62 mm/s） in the order of“lateral canthus”〉“eyebrow”〉“medial canthus”（left 11.71 mm/s, right 11.09 mm/s）. 3. In“smiling”：Smax and Vmax of the“palpebra superior”marker （left 3.05 mm, 36.14 mm/s;right 2.53 mm, 28.90 mm/s ） was greater than others in the order of“palpebra inferior”〉“lateral canthus”〉“eyebrow”“medial canthus”（left 1.59 mm, right 1.53 mm）. Vmax of the“left palpe-bra superior”（42.643 mm/s） was greater than other markers of the eyelid （31.58 mm/s-37.62 mm/s）“lateral canthus”“eye-brow”“medial canthus”（left 11.71 mm/s, right 11.09 mm/s）. 3. In“smiling”：Smax and Vmax of the“palpebra superior”（left 3.05 mm, 36.14 mm/s;right 2.53 mm, 28.90 mm/s）“palpebra inferior”“lateral canthus”“eyebrow”“medial canthus”（left 0.69 mm, 7.22 mm/s;right 0.77 mm, 7.80 mm/s）. 4. In“lifting right corner of mouth”, the Smax and Vmax of the“palpebra in-ferior”and right“lateral canthus”on right side were significantly greater than those on left. The Smax and Vmax of the other markers were nearly the same. The values of right“medial canthus”greater than those of left. And the values of the left“palpe-bra superior”and left“eyebrow”greater than those on right. 5. In“lifting the left corner of mouth”：the Smax and Vmax of the left“palpebra inferior”,“lateral canthus”and“palpebra superior”were significantly greater than those on right. The Smax and Vmax of the left“medial canthus”and left“eyebrow”were greater than those on right. Conclusions In facial expres-sions, there are associated movements involving different parts of the face. The time it takes for the associated markers and the markers around the mouth to get to the Smax and Vmax is about the same. For individual expressions, Smax and Vmax of the“palpebra inferior”,“lateral canthus”and“palpebra superior”are greater than the“medial canthus”and“eyebrow”. The min-imum Smax and Vmax take place in“smiling”and at the“medial canthus”. The maximum values take place at the“palpebra inferior”in the“showing teeth”. In“lifting the left corner of mouth”, the facial markers on the ispsilateral side generate faster and stronger movement than the other side. There are no static parts any where in the face.