植物体内钙信号及其在调节干旱胁迫中的作用

Ca^(2+) Signal Transduction and Its Regulation Role under Drought Stress in Plant

钙作为植物体内第二信使广泛参与了植物响应的各种非生物和生物胁迫的信号传导。胁迫信号通过激活位于细胞质膜上的钙离子通道,产生胞质内特异性的钙信号,传递至钙信号感受蛋白,如钙调素(calmodulin,CaM)、钙依赖蛋白激酶(Ca2+-dependent protein kinases,CDPK)和类钙调磷酸酶B蛋白(calcineurin B-like protein,CBL)等,进而引起胞内一系列生理生化变化,最终对胁迫做出响应。钙信号在植物响应干旱胁迫信号系统中起枢纽作用,主要通过调节气孔运动,水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)和抗氧化酶活性来减少水分流失,提高水分利用率,最终降低干旱对植物细胞的伤害,并具有一定的生态学功能。该文对近年来国内外有关植物体内钙信号的研究进展以及在干旱逆境中的调节作用进行综述,并对今后的研究做了展望。

As a second messenger,Ca^2＋ is involved in signal transduction pathways related to various responses to abiotic and biotic stress in plant.The specific calcium signal in plant cell is actived by different stress via stimulating calcium channel on the plant plasma membrane,then transformed to Ca^2＋ sensing proteins,such as calmodulin（CaM）,Ca^2＋-dependent protein kinases（CDPK） and calcineurin B-like protein,etc.,which induced a series of physiological and biochemical processes of plant cell to the stress.Drought stress is one of the most serious abiotic stresses in the earth.Ca^2＋ signal plays a pivotal role on response to drought stress,by regulating stomatal movement,water channel protein（aquaporin,AQP） and antioxidase activity to reduce water loss and drought damage,increasing water use efficiency.Furthermore,Ca^2＋ has some ecological functions.In this paper,we also summarize the new progress Ca^2＋ signal and its regulation for response to drought stress,and propose simple prospect in the future.