美国体适能运动发展的价值取向与借鉴

为澄清当前我国部分学者对体适能问题及研究价值的异议与认识偏差,为我国的体适能研究寻求更好的突破口与发展方向。本文运用文文献分析方法,从社会历史与体育文化发展的角度,对美国体适能运动的发展历程与价值取向加以考查。通过对不同时期美国体适能运动发生、发展的社会历史动因的分析发现：（1）美国体适能研究者不但追寻体适能的健身与健康教育价值,而且更加重视身体运动背后所蕴涵的精神价值与社会学意义。（2）美国体适能研究的重点至始至终放在青少年人群的健康教育方面,因此体适能测试指标与评价标准的建立始终与学校体育课程内容的改革紧密结合在一起,并多次加以修订。（3）不同人群体适能测试指标与标准不同。从青少年到成年至老年,从健康人群扩展到疾病患者。由于研究目标的细化与分类,给体适能运动的推广与发展注入了新的生机与活力。

Nowadays . The research on Physical Fitness has displayed its vigor and vitality.But after reviewing the related articles; we found there existed few research on American physical fitness from history angles.h is admitted that research on physical fitness is very important for us.However, the relationship between physical fitness and physique cause the conception confusion.This article discuss on American physical fitness movement： （1） American researchers not only seek the educational value of fimess movement, but also emphasis on sprit level and social meaning.（2） the focus of research is on how to set up American Young fitness standard.And integrated a health and fitness curriculum with testing.（3） In the future, American fitness movement enlarge to different groups, from healthy group to patients.The alms of research are classified and motive the development of American fitness. We hope lay a solid foundation for our physical fitness research in the future.