长江主要一级支流中华倒刺鲃形态差异比较

Morphological variation and discriminant analysis of Spinibarbus sinensis among Jialing River, Chishui River and Qingjiang River, the tributaries of Yangtze River

采用传统形态学和框架分析法,运用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析4种多元分析方法对嘉陵江、赤水河、清江3个中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)种群288尾样本的30个形态比例性状进行比较研究。结果表明,3个种群的全长/体长、叉长/体长、体宽/体长等29个性状差异显著(P<0.05);聚类结果显示,嘉陵江种群与赤水河种群首先聚为一类,认为嘉陵江种群与赤水河种群形态最为相似;主成分分析构建了8个主成分,累计贡献率为62.93%;以Bayes逐步判别分析方法选用16个判别效果较好的比例性状建立了3个中华倒刺鲃地理种群的判别函数,综合判别率达到99.31%。研究结果显示,嘉陵江种群与赤水河种群形态较为相似,而两者与清江种群形态差异较大。本研究从形态特征上为长江上游中华倒刺鲃种群的划分提供了科学依据。

Spinibarbus sinensis is one of the most important freshwater fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Unfortunately however, the stock of the wild population declined sharply in recent years. There is an urgent need to understand the population structure of the fish to aid development of conservation measures and allow for continued exploitation of this important species. We collected 288 individuals from three geographic areas： Jialingjiang River, Chishuihe River, tributaries of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and Qingjiang River, a tributary of the middle Yangtze River. The morphological variation and biology of the three populations was investigated using traditional morphological （one-way analysis of variance, cluster analysis, principle component analysis, and discriminant analysis） and truss network analysis. The three populations of S. sineisis differed significantly（P〈0.05） for 29 morphological proportional characters（e.g., TL/BL, FL/BL, BW/BL）. A cluster analysis indicated that the morphological charactersof S.sineisis in Jialing River were most similar to S. sineisis in Chishui River. The principal component analysis yielded eight principal components with a cumulative contribution ratio of 62.93%. The discriminant analysis suggested that these three populations could be divided. The discriminant functions of the three populations of S. sineisis were established based on 16 morphological characters that differed significantly among the populations. The total accuracy of discrimination of S.sineisis from the three populations was 99.31%. Our results suggest that there are significant morphological differences among S.sinensis populations in the three sampling areas in the upper reaches of Yangtze River basin.