单侧椎弓根钉固定结合单枚融合器治疗腰椎不稳症

Treatment of lumbar instability with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(with single cage) combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation

目的：探讨经椎间孔入路单侧椎弓根钉固定结合单枚融合器治疗腰椎不稳症的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2009年至2012年收治且获得8个月以上随访腰椎不稳症50例,均有顽固性或反复下腰痛,有单侧或单侧为主的下肢放射痛,X线片及CT片显示腰椎不稳。采用经椎间孔入路单枚融合器椎间融合,结合单侧或双侧椎弓根钉固定治疗。根据固定方法不同,分为单侧固定组和双侧固定组。单侧固定组20例22间隙,男8例,女12例;年龄26-66岁;峡部裂性Ⅰ度滑脱2例,退行性滑脱8例,腰椎间盘突出症10例;融合部位L3,41例,L4,512例,L5S19例。双侧固定组30例30间隙,男14例,女16例;年龄41-62岁;峡部裂型Ⅰ度滑脱4例,退行性滑脱14例,腰椎间盘突出症12例;融合部位L3,43例,L4,515例,L5S112例。分析两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、并发症情况,并对其椎间隙高度、前凸角的变化、融合率及临床疗效等进行比较。结果：两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,腰痛基本消失,下肢放射痛均消失,无感染、硬脊膜损伤等发生。单侧固定组术后无医源性神经症状,双侧固定组术后1例足下垂。所有患者获得随访,时间8-18个月,平均（10.8±4.3）个月。临床疗效按照JOA评分好转率（RIS）评定,两组均获得较好临床疗效,且两组融合率比较差异无统计学意义,两种内固定治疗方法均能有效增加病变椎间隙高度。单侧固定组较双侧固定组手术时间更短,术中出血和术后引流量更少。结论：只要严格掌握手术适应证,注意手术操作技巧,经椎间孔入路单枚融合器加单侧椎弓根钉治疗腰椎不稳症具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、经济实用等优点。

Objective：To explore the clinical effect of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion （with single cage） combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation in treating lumbar instability. Methods：The clinical data of 50 patients with lumbar instability were retrospectively analyzed. They underwent treatment and obtained following up more than 8 months from 2009 to 2012. All patients complicated with refractory or recurrent lower back pain ,and unilateral primarily or unilateral lower limb radiation pain,X ray and CT films showed lumbar instability. The patients were respectively treated with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion （with single cage） combined with unilateral or bilateral pedicle screw fixation. According to different fixation methods,they divided into unilateral fixation group and bilateral fixation group. There were 20 patients with 22 intervertebral spaces in unilateral fixation group,8 males and 12 females,aged from 26 to 66 years old,2 cases with isthmic spondylolisthesis of degreeⅠ,8 cases with degenerative spondylolisthesis,10 cases with lumbar disc herniation;fusion location with L3,4 was in 1 case,L4,5 was in 12 cases,L5S1 was in 9 cases. There were 30 patients with 30 intervertebral spaces in bilateral fixation group,14 males and 16 females,aged from 41 to 62 years old,4 cases with isthmic spondylolisthesis of degree Ⅰ,14 cases with degenerative spondylolisthesis,12 cases with lumbar disc herniation;fusion location with L3,4 was in 3 cases,L4,5 was in 15 case,L5S1 was in 12 cases. Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,complications were analyzed and intervertebral height,lordosis angle changes,fusion rate and clinical effect were compared between two groups. Results：All incisions obtained primary healing,lower limb radiation pain and low back pain disappeared basically,no infection,endorachis injury was found. Foot drop occurred in one case of bilateral fixation group and no iatrogenic neurological symptom was found in unilateral fixation group. All patients were followed up from 8 to 18 months with an average of （10.8±4.3）months. According to JOA score improvement rate （RIS） to assess clinical effect,all patients got excellent and good results,there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. Two methods can both effectively increase the pathological intervertebral height. Unilateral fixation group was better than bilateral fixation group in aspect of operation time ,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage. Conclusion：With strict indication and good skills,transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion （with single cage） combined with unilateral pedicle screw fixation in treating lumbar instability has advantages of smaller traumatic , less blood loss,faster recovery for the patient and can reduce the economic cost.