发达国家牛奶生产配额政策及其启示

Milk Production Quota Policy in Developed Countries and the Enlightenment to China

中国奶业正进入快速发展时期,但同时原料奶供给环节也存在规模化程度低、经常性的供需失衡、价格不稳定、原料奶质量低和奶农收益不稳定等突出问题,这不利于中国奶业健康、稳定和有序发展。本文通过对世界主要发达国家(加拿大、荷兰、以色列)牛奶生产配额制度建立的背景和具体实施的过程作出简要分析,发现牛奶生产配额政策不仅对稳定供给和保护奶农利益发挥了积极作用,而且对稳定价格、提高生鲜乳质量和引导奶牛养殖的规模化也间接地发挥了作用,这对中国当前的奶业政策设计具有重要启示意义,中国奶业应重视包括生产配额政策在内的供给管理政策,并与已有的奶业政策相结合来解决当前存在的问题,以此促进奶业健康、稳定和有序发展。

By the analysis of the background and concrete implementation process of major developed countries '(Canada,the Netherlands,Israel) milk production quota system,we can found that the milk production quota policy not only play a positive role in making supply stable and protecting the interests of dairy farmers,but also play indirectly role in stabilizing prices,improving the quality of raw milk and dairy farming scale which has significant enlightenment to the establishment of the dairy policy in China. Therefore, China's dairy industry pay attention to the supply management policy(including production quota policy),combining with the existing dairy industry policy to solve the existing problems, to promote the healthy,stable and orderly development of dairy industry.