沦陷前后张庭济与“奉命维持”的北平故宫博物院事业

Zhang Tingji and His Dedication to Beiping Palace Museum before & after The Fall of Beiping

1933年之后,故宫博物院的工作重心和领导的精力主要集中在文物的南迁和西迁方面,对于故宫北平本院的工作则不够重视、财务人力上支持也不够多。又逢日寇肆虐,在这样艰难的形势下,张庭济仍愿意来故宫工作,足见其勇气和用心。实际上,当时留守北平故宫的文物仍有许多精品,所以在日本侵略者觊觎故宫的形势下,留守文物与故宫古建筑的安全就面临着极大考验。所幸,在故宫总务处长张庭济的带领和故宫留守人员的努力保护下,故宫虽然经历了日伪宪兵毁书夺杂志运动、献铜献铁运动、院长之位争夺等数次风波,但并未遭受到巨大损失,故宫博物院也没有关门死守,而是灵活地利用社会上的人力财力维持其运转,同时呼吁名门望族、前辈学者等协助保护故宫的安全,更重要的是,能在艰难的沦陷时期仍然能够组织测绘、陈列开放、工程维修、图书编辑出版、文物点查与保管等工作,实属不易,意义重大。

The Palace Museum in Beiping decided to give priority to moving objects to the south and the west after 1933. The operation of the Palace Museum was in face of fund and talent shortage, Japanese was invading Beijing when Zhang Tingji was under the order to take office of The General Affairs Department of The Palace Museum. Despite the action of ‘Moving Objects to The South', many priceless treasures remained inside The Palace Museum were actually in much danger and threat. However, with greater efforts of the staff led by Zhang Tingji, the remaining objects brought through several crises---- the Japanese troops and police destroyed books and grabbed magazines, copper and iron were collected and offered, there were struggles for presidential post of Palace Museum and so on. The Palace Museum were managed to operate properly with financial and human supports from the society and called upon the celebrities and scholars to join in the protection of the cultural heritages from being ruined by the invaders. What's more, it kept on surveying and mapping, displays and exhibits, restoring buildings, editing and publishing, maintaining objects and so on.