不同病理分级的直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床特征与预后分析

Clinical features and prognostic analysis of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm in different pathological grades

目的 探讨不同病理分级的直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床特征与预后情况.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2012年4月解放军总医院确诊的183例直肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床资料.从医生工作站及内镜中心数据库中,检索经内镜治疗和（或）外科手术治疗的直肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床及病理资料.按照2010年WHO消化系统肿瘤分类标准,依核分裂象数对病理检查结果进行分级.通过返院复查及电话随访了解患者预后情况.以患者死亡或2014年7月为随访终点.多样本间率的比较采用双向无序卡方检验.结果 183例患者纳入研究.其中男120例,女63例,男女比例为1.9∶1.年龄为14 ～ 83岁,平均年龄为48岁.临床症状：便血者74例,健康体检无意发现者70例,腹痛及大便习惯改变者各9例,其他的临床表现有肿瘤标志物升高、腹胀或合并多种症状等,无一例表现为类癌综合征.183例患者中,同时伴发肠道息肉14例,合并管状腺瘤5例,合并结直肠腺癌3例,合并小细胞肺癌1例.肿瘤直径＜1 cm 162例,1～2 cm14例,＞2 cm7例.肿瘤距肛门距离为（5＆#177;3）cm.183例患者中,130例行内镜治疗,43例行外科治疗,10例误诊小息肉行钳除,未行进一步治疗.183例患者中,G1级158例（TNM Ⅰ期154例、Ⅱ期1例、Ⅲ期1例、Ⅳ期2例）;G2级21例（TNM Ⅰ期13例、Ⅱ期3例、Ⅲ期3例、Ⅳ期2例）;G3级4例（TNM Ⅰ期1例、Ⅲ期1例、Ⅳ期2例）.183例患者中,有6例发生肝转移,9例发生淋巴结转移,14例患者死亡（G1级4例、G2级6例、G3级4例）,5年生存率为92.35％（169/183）.不同分级直肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者在肿瘤直径、肿瘤分期、肝转移、淋巴结转移、5年生存情况等方面比较,差异有统计学意义（x^2=60.949,71.587,32.135,55.486,56.512,P＜0.05）.结论 直肠神经内分泌肿瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,男性好发,部位多位于直肠中下段,多数肿瘤直径＜1 cm,多数患者为TNM Ⅰ期,G1级.不同分级的直肠神经内分泌肿瘤预后不同,按照2010年WHO消化系统肿瘤分类标准进行分级对预后有参考价值,制订治疗方案时应考虑分级的因素.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in different pathological grades.Methods The clinical data of 183 patients with rectal NENs who were admitted to the PLA General Hospital from January 2001 to April 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.All the clinical and pathological data of the patients who received endoscopy and (or) surgical resection were retrieved from the work station and the database of the endoscopic center.Based on the 2010 WHO pathology classification of digestive tumors,the pathological data were ranked according to the mitotic count.The prognosis of the patients was learned by re-examination or phone call.The follow-up ended till July 2014 or at the death of patients.Data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results A total of 183 patients were enrolled in this study including 120 males and 63 females.The median age of the patients was 48 years (range,14-83 years).Seventy-four patients had the symptom of hemafecia,9 patients had abdominal pain and change in bowel habit,and 70 patients were diagnosed by body examination.Other symptoms included increased level of tumor markers and abdominal distension.Carcinoid syndrome was not detected in all the patients.Fourteen patients were complicated with polyp of intestine,5 with tubular adenoma,3 with colorectal adenocarcinoma and 1 with small cell lung cancer.The diameters of the tumor under 1 cm were detected in 162 patients,the diameters of the tumors ranged between 1 cm and 2 cm in 14 patients,and the diameters of the tumors above 2 cm in 7 patients.The mean distance between the tumor and the anus was (5-± 3)cm.Of the 183 patients,130 received endoscopic treatment,43 received surgical treatment and 10 received clamping because the tumor was misdiagnosed as polyps.There were 158 patients in grade1 (154 in stage Ⅰ,1 in stage Ⅱ,1 in stage Ⅲ and 2 in stage Ⅳ),21 in grade2 (13 in stage Ⅰ,3in stage Ⅱ,3 in stage Ⅲ and 2 in stage Ⅳ),4 in grade 3 (1 in stage Ⅰ,1 in stage Ⅲ and 2 in stage Ⅳ).Six patients had liver metastasis and 9 had lymph node metastasis.Fourteen patients died (4 in grade 1,6 in grade 2 and 4 in grade 3).The 5-year survival rate of patients was 92.35％ (169/183).There were significant differences in the gender,tumor diameter,tumor staging,lymph node metastasis distal metastasis and 5-year survival rate among patients with rectal NENs in different pathological grades (x2=60.949,71.587,32.135,55.486,56.512,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Rectal NENs lacks the specific clinical manifestation and is more likely to happen in males,and it often locates at the middle-lower rectum.Most of the rectal NENs belongs to stage Ⅰ and grade 1 and is less than 1 cm in size.The prognosis of patients with rectal NENs in different pathological grades is different.The 2010 WHO pathology classification of digestive tumors is useful to asses the prognosis of rectal NENs.Different grades of rectal NENs could be taken into account when designing the treatment plan.