西安市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行病学特征及控制效果分析

Epidemiological characteristics and disease control of meningitis in Xi′an

目的：利用西安市传染病报告系统数据、疫苗接种情况和健康人群病原监测结果，综合分析控制流行性脑脊髓膜炎（流脑）因素。方法用描述流行病学方法分析流脑的历年流行情况、病原携带率和发病控制效果。结果西安市流脑1951-1984年期间发病率为22．51/10万，1984年计划免疫实施后发病率开始呈大幅度下降趋势，20世纪80年代发病率平均为4．87/10万，90年代平均为0．59/10万，2001-2011年期间发病率平均为0．095/10万，2012-2013年无发病，呈明显阶段下降趋势。结论流脑的控制应采取提高常规免疫接种率和加强流脑疾病监测系统的综合性预防措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease control of epi-demic cerebrospinal meningitis （meningitis） in Xi′an in order to optimize the measurement for disease con-trol and prevention .Methods The reported cases , pathogen surveillance data and immunization coverage for meningitis were analyzed to evaluate the epidemic status , the number of healthy carriers and the disease control efficacy.Results The incidence of meningitis was 22.51/100 000 from 1951 to 1984 in Xi′an. Since the implementation of Expanded Immunity Program in 1984 , the incidence dropped significantly from the average incidence of 4.87/100 000 in 1980′s to 0.59/100 000 in 1990′s.The average incidence of men-ingitis was 0.095/100 000 from 2001 to 2011 and then showed a dramatic downtrend with no cases reported during 2012 to 2013 .Conclusion The analysis suggested that an expanded coverage of vaccine immuniza -tion and an enhanced disease surveillance system for meningitis should be used as the comprehensive meas -urements for the prevention and control of disease .