高血压患者体位性低血压的影响因素及综合护理干预

Influence factors and comprehensive nursing intervention of hypertension patients with orthostatic hypotension

目的探讨高血压患者发生体位性低血压的影响因素并以此采取相应的综合护理措施进行个体化干预。方法分析了于2010-2012年间我院诊治的385例高血压患者发生体位性低血压的影响因素,对比了应用防低血压综合护理干预措施前后低血压相关事件（晕厥、跌倒）的发生情况。结果体位性低血压发生率为9.6%（37/385）,主要的影响因素为高龄、α受体阻断剂、利尿剂和血压控制不佳。实施低血压综合护理干预后患者低血压相关的不良事件由人均4.6例次/年降至0.9例次/年,干预后发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论高血压患者OH发生较为常见,需重视监测直立位血压。影响OH因素为高龄、α受体阻断剂、利尿剂及血压控制不良。综合性的防低血压措施可有效降低其不良事件,提高患者的生活质量。

Objective To explore the influence factors of orthostatic hypotension occurred in patients with hypertension,and to take individual comprehensive nursing intervention. Methods Analysis on influence factors of the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension in 385 cases of hypertensive patients who was in our hospital during the year 2010-2012,before and after the application of comprehensive anti hypotension nursing intervention,compared the incidence of hypotension related events（syncope,falls）. Results The incidence of postural hypotension was 9.6%（37/385）,the main influencing factors was the advanced age,alpha receptor blocking agent,diuretics and poor control of blood pressure.After the implementation of comprehensive nursing intervention,the incidence of adverse events related to hypotension was by percapita 4.6 times/year to 0.9 times/year,after the intervention the difference in the incidence was statistically significant（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of OH in patients with hypertension was more frequently,great attention should be paid to orthostatic blood pressure monitoring.The influence factors of the OH was the advanced age,alpha receptor blocking agent,diuretic and poor control of blood pressure.Comprehensive antihypotension nursing intervention can effectively reduce the adverse events,improve the quality life of patients.