从“动作结构”的变化看当代男子自由体操的发展与创新

Development and innovation of contemporary men's floor exercise changes in terms of “movement structure”

以参加第44届世锦赛和伦敦奥运会自由体操决赛选手为主要对象,从"动作结构"视角对当代世界男子自由体操的发展与创新进行研究,结果显示:以日本白井健三为代表的亚洲选手,自由体操成套动作的结构主要以各种高难度空翻转体及其连接为主,而以俄罗斯阿比亚茨为代表的欧美选手,则以"大空翻"及其连接为主,亚洲选手略有优势。成套动作平均D分稳中有升,预计获得奖牌选手的平均D分将接近7分;最高D分达到7.4分,继续提升的空间极小。选手完成动作质量欠佳,获得奖牌选手的最高E分仅有9.1分,继续提高动作质量的空间较大。我国优秀年轻选手与外国选手比较,成套动作的难度、编排和质量都有一定差距,努力学习同属黄种人日本的思路和经验,将会尽快赶上世界发展潮流。

Taking the participants in the 44th World Championships and the London Olympics floor exercise finalist as the objects,this paper studied development and innovation of men’s floor exercise in terms of “ movement structure ”. The results show that Asia players, represented by Japanese athlete Kenzo Shirai（しらい けんぞう）,whose structures of floor exercise are mainly all kinds of difficult somersault twists and their connections,and European and American athletes,represented by Russian player Abbey Diaz,mainly adopting the“ big flip”and its connection. Asian players have a slight advantage. The average D - sub of sets of movements has been steadily increased,and the player who is expected to win a medal is close to 7 scores;highest D - sub reaches 7. 4 scores,the space to continue to enhance is minimal. Players completed the action with poor quality,the highest E score of medal winner is only 9. 1,space to continue to improve the quality of movements is larger. There are some gaps between outstanding young players in our country and foreign players in terms of sets of movements of difficulty,presentation and quality. We should try to learn Japanese ideas and experiences to catch up with the world development trend soon.