政府权力与群体间收入差距关系研究

A Study of Relationship between Government Power and Income Gap among Different Social Groups

随着社会主义市场经济体制改革的深入,以及按生产要素贡献分配原则的确立,劳动、资本、知识和管理四种生产要素所有者群体间的收入差距并未随经济的增长而缩小,反而出现不断扩大的趋势,并成为我国居民收入差距的主要来源。基于群体间收入分配现状,本文论述了政府权力的不同运行模式对群体间收入差距所产生的深刻影响,即规范的政府权力干预有助于缩小市场因素造成的群体间收入差距,而不规范的权力干预将破坏市场经济中公平竞争与机会平等的原则,最终导致群体收入差距的进一步扩大。利用回归分析方法,本文发现不规范的权力干预导致劳动要素价格扭曲程度不断提高,从而解释了劳动收入份额降低,群体收入差距扩大的原因。因此,调节群体间的收入分配,关键在于对政府权力运行机制的规范,建立有效政府,抑制垄断并统一要素市场。

With the deepening of the institutional reform of socialist market economy and the establishment of the principle of distribution based on production elements contribution,among groups of owners of the four factors of production,which include labor,capital,knowledge and management,the income gap has not been narrowed with the economic development,but instead,it has been increasingly widened and has become the main source of residents' income gap in China. Based on the current income distribution among different groups,the paper discusses the profound influence of different operation modes of government power on the income gap among social groups,i. e. normative government intervention is conducive to narrowing the income gap among different groups caused by market factors while non- standard government intervention will undermine the principle of fair competition and equal opportunity in the market economy and could eventually lead to further widening of the income gap among different groups. By applying a regression analysis method,the paper found out that non- standard government intervention has led to an increasingly severe price distortion in labor factor to explain reason for the reduction of labor income share and the widening of income gap among different groups. As a result,the key to adjusting the income distribution among different groups lies in the normalization of an operation mechanism for government power,the establishment of an effective government and the control of monopoly for a unified factor market.