12—13世纪西多会经济成功原因初探

On the Reasons for the Economic Success of Cistercian from the 12^(th) to the 13^(th) Century

12—13世纪,西多会将西欧隐修运动推向巅峰。隐修运动鼎盛对民众所产生的最大吸引力、西多会内部生产的优势、西多会经济的商业化倾向等内部因素与俗界捐赠的最大化、外部世界的推力、西欧封建经济繁荣所提供的机遇等外部因素相结合,将西多会经济推向繁荣。西多会也是10—13世纪西欧修道院经济繁荣的主要推手。西多会经济在西欧由中世纪经济向现代经济过渡过程中发挥了助推作用。当现代经济形成以后,作为一种特殊经济形式的西多会经济便完成了其历史使命,退出历史舞台。

From the 12th to the 13th century, monastic movement in Western Europe was pushed to its climax by Cistercians. The combination of internal factors such as the biggest attraction that monasticism produced in a period of great prosperity to the public, advantages generated by Cistercians and the trend of Cistercians commercialization and external factors such as the maximization of secular donations, thrust from the outside world and the opportunities from the feudal economic prosperity in Western Europe had promoted the economy of Cistercians. Cistercian was also the main power, promoting the prosperity of Western European monastery＇ s economy from the 10th to the 13th century. Cistercian economy played a role in boosting the transition of Western European economy from the Middle Age to a modern society. As a special form of economy, Cistercian economy had completed its mission and withdrawn from the stage of history after the establishment of modem economy.