论紧急避险的相当性要件

On the Worthiness Condition of Necessity

紧急避险的相当性要件是国外相关刑法理论和刑事立法中的一个重要问题,是指避险行为应当符合一个社会所承认的一般或共同的价值观念。避险行为的相当性应该成为紧急避险中的独立要件。通过避险相当性要件在"强制采血事例""脏器摘除事例"以及"雨伞事例"中的具体适用分析,避险行为的相当性要件具有独特的功能,一定程度上能限制法益权衡要件的适用。也就是说,即使行为人保全的法益价值大于其行为侵犯的法益价值,也不必然就能承认紧急避险。在避险行为缺乏相当性要件时,由于其也存在违法性的减少和责任程度的降低,因此,对其可以准用避险过当的从宽处罚原则。

The worthiness condition of necessity is an important issue related to foreign criminal law theory and criminal legislation , which means the necessity behavior should comply with the general and common values recog -nized by the society .The worthiness condition of necessity behavior should be the independent element of necessity . Through analysis of the ‘Compulsory Blood Sampling Event ’ , the ‘Removal of Organs Event ’ and the ‘Umbrella Event’, we can find that the worthiness condition of necessity has unique function and partly limits the application of the legal interest balance condition .That is to say , when the necessity behavior lacks worthiness condition , due to the diminished illegality and the reduced degree of responsibility , the lenient principle of excessive refuge may be applied .