国际投资条约中投资的确定与东道国发展的考量

The Determination of Investment and the Consideration of the Host States' Development in International Investment Treaties

根据《ICSID公约》规定,国际投资仲裁庭享有管辖权的前提是有关投资是否属于《ICSID公约》以及相关国际投资条约规定的适格投资,而在判定适格投资的标准中,东道国发展是争议最大的一个标准,相关仲裁庭依据"Salini标准",在裁决中或者认为东道国发展是判定投资的标准之一,或者否认,并在措辞用语上有所不同。《ICSID公约》、世界银行集团的相关文件以及国际投资条约对有关问题的规定表明,东道国发展是大多数国际投资法文件规定的目的或宗旨,其是裁定适格投资的参考因素,但不是必要条件。不过鉴于可持续发展原则对于国际投资活动的要求,有关投资应当有利于东道国的经济、社会或环境方面的可持续发展,而不是纯粹的经济发展。中外双边投资条约中"促进缔约国繁荣"的原则要适时改进。

One of the requirements of ICSID jurisdiction is that the ＂investment＂ should be characterized as a kind of qualified investment based on ICSID provisions, while the development of the host state is one of the most controversial elements for judging the investment. Based on the Salini Test, not all the ICSID tribunals accept that the host states＇ development should be recognized as an element in their decisions. From the differ- ent treaties or provisions made by ICSID, the World Banks Group and international investment agreements, We can conclude that the development of the host state is one aim of most international investment treaties.＇ The de- velopment of the host state is an element that should be taken into account when judging whether the investment exists, but not a decisive element.