中美解冻关系时对日本问题的考量与角力

The Consideration and Trial of Strength over the Issue of Japan in the Period of the Thawing of Relations between China and the United States

中美两国在解冻关系的初期谈判中,对作为"第三方"的日本各有战略考量。美国的战略利益是维护美国主导下的亚太势力均衡,维持美日关系比改善美中关系更重要。中国的战略需要是免遭任何强权威胁,同西方和日本建立正常关系,防止日本复活军国主义。尼克松的谈判策略是给中国造成对美苏日的"三怕"。毛泽东则摊牌:中国根本不怕美苏日来华大打,已准备应付最坏局面。折冲樽俎之下,美中的共识是反对任何国家谋求亚太霸权,反对日本向本岛以外扩展军事力量、染指台湾和朝鲜半岛、插手"台独"活动。但对怎样防止日本重走军国主义道路,美中双方认识不同。美国承诺将阻止日本奉行损害中国的政策,但坚持认为现行的美日关系能制约日本扩张军力,而听任日本自立则将使其出现致命的民族主义。中国对废除美日安保体系的态度在疑虑中悄然变化。

At the beginning of engagement and negotiation for normalization,the U. S. and the PRC had their respective strategic consideration over the 'third party ',i. e. Japan. The United States was to maintain the balance of power under American dominance in the AsiaPacific region and accordingly put more emphasis on maintaining USJapan security relations rather than improving USChina relations,while China was to avert any threat posed by powers,normalize the relationship with the West and Japan and prevent Japan's militarism from resurrection. Nixon frightened China with threats from the US,the Soviet Union and Japan. But Mao Zedong signaled that China was not afraid of any war at all. Through bargaining and exploration,the US and the PRC agreed that they would jointly make efforts to oppose any kind of hegemony by any country in the AsiaPacific region,to oppose expansion of Japanese military strength beyond Japan proper and the possibility of Japanese intervention in Taiwan and the Korean peninsula. However,US insisted that the existing USJapan security relations could constrain Japan's military expansion,keep Japan from moving towards nationalism. China finally changed its attitude towards the issue of abolishing USJapan security system.