“抵消战略”与卡特时期美国核战略的延续与变化被引量：3

The Countervailing Strategy: The Change of U. S. NuclearStrategy in the Carter Administration

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摘要美国卡特总统国家安全事务助理布热津斯基根据自己对美苏核均势以及苏联对外扩张局势的判断,认为美国有必要调整军事战略,更加灵活地使用核武器来威慑和遏制苏联。在苏联入侵阿富汗等局势的推动下,布热津斯基与国防部长布朗一起制定了阐述"抵消战略"的第59号总统令(PD-59)。该令得到卡特的批准。实际上第59号总统令正是对尼克松政府第242号国家安全决策备忘录(NSDM242号文件)的继承和发展,在坚持第242号国家安全决策备忘录体现的"灵活和有选择"地使用核武器,并注意控制危机升级的基础上,第59号总统令进一步增加了美国核武器运用的灵活性、扩展了打击目标的范围、加强了军事计划的应变能力和持久力,以增强针对苏联威慑的可信度。 Zbigniew Brzezinski,the assistant of national security affairs to President Carter,took the initiative to adjust the U. S. nuclear strategy to responding to the new situation of the U. S.-Soviet balance of nuclear power and to Soviet expansion in the early1977. With the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan,Brzezinski worked together with the Secretary of Defense Brown to draft the Presidential Directive 59 to set down the countervailing strategy which inherited and developed the NSDM242 of the Nixon Administration. Besides the flexibility and selectivity in the use of nuclear weapons,the PD-59 paid more attention to the flexibility and endurance of using nuclear weapons to expand the range of strike targets so as to make the U. S. deterrence more credible to the Soviet Union.

作者刘磊

机构地区中国海洋大学法政学院政治与行政学系

出处《美国研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2014年第5期97-111,8,共15页 The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基金中国博士后科学基金资助项目"美国战略学研究与美国核战略思想的演变(1945~1969)"(2013M531309) 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"冷战时期美国在远东地区的核部署研究(1947~1977)"(13YJC770003)阶段性成果

关键词美国军事与外交核战略冷战卡特政府布热津斯基

分类号 D771.2 [政治法律—中外政治制度] D815 [政治法律—国际关系]

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