虾夷扇贝海上转运系统改进设计与试验

Improved design and experiment of shipping transfer system for Patinopecten yessoensis

针对目前虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)海上转运系统作业装备落后及作业方式不合理,致使作业效率低、用工人数多、以及扇贝缩边死亡与碎贝现象严重等问题,通过对獐子岛虾夷扇贝海上转运系统的调研,提出了一种转运方案,并对转运装备进行优化设计。通过海上生产对比试验,得出以下结论:为虾夷扇贝采捕船配备甲板拣贝作业系统与可折叠式装贝笼箱,优化了采捕船拣贝、装箱、装卸舱等作业模式,使劳动强度大幅降低,且用工人数减少2人/艘,作业时间缩短了约0.6 h;运输船采用可折叠式装贝笼箱代替原转运笼箱,使笼箱装卸流程更加合理高效,且作业时间缩短了约0.52 h;采用改造后虾夷扇贝转运系统运输,扇贝缩边死亡率与碎贝率显著降低,其中扇贝平均缩边死亡率约为1.92%,且5个月试验扇贝缩边死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05),与原转运系统相比显著降低(P<0.05),降低了约1.43%;改造后平均碎贝率约为0.84%,且5个月试验碎贝率无显著差异(P>0.05),较原转运系统显著降低(P<0.05),降低了约1.99%;改造后的虾夷扇贝海上转运系统经济效果显著,每年可节省费用约2 853.6万元。由此说明,改造后的虾夷扇贝海上转运系统具有高效、高收益等特点,推广应用前景广阔。

By analyzing and investigating the system of shipping transfer for Patinopecten yessoensis in Dalian Zhangzi Island, a new type of high efficiency and reasonable scallop shipping transfer system were designed and improved. In order to prove that its structure is reasonable, a compared test was executed in Da Lian Zhangzi Island. The research showed that scallop （Patinopecten yessoensis） with an average shell length of （120＆#177;10） mm and average mass of （110＆#177;10） g were collected from the Da Lian Zhangzi Island sea area. The scallop capture ship length is 23 m, has one cabin and cabin size is 2 400 mm＆#215;1 900 mm＆#215;2 300 mm, full and complete scallops are 3t, diesel power is 112 kW. The test scallop transport ship is Liao Chang Yu Yun 18023, which has 4 cabins, one cabin size is 7 700 mm＆#215;3 400 mm＆#215; 2 300 mm, hatch size is 3 800 mm＆#215;2 000 mm＆#215;800 mm, full and complete with scallops is 57 t. Original cage size is 510 mm＆#215;360 mm＆#215;265 mm, mesh size is 30 mm＆#215;30 mm, and the material is rigid plastic. Improved cage （folding cage） is 1 150 mm＆#215;900 mm＆#215;900 mm, mesh size is 40 mm＆#215;40 mm, the folded size is 1 150 mm＆#215;900 mm＆#215;150 mm, and the material is Zn hot dipped steel. 〈br〉 Tests were based on actual production situation, lasted 5 months （from August to December, 2013） and working 4 times per month. 18023 scallop transport ship’s 4 cabins were marked as 1, 2, 3, 4. Original scallop cages were stored in 1 and 2 fresh water cabins, which can be stored 1 400 original cages and one cage can store 16 kg of scallops. Improved scallop cages were stored in 3 and 4 fresh water cabins, which can store 64 improved cages and one cage can store 350 kg scallops. In order to improve the work efficiency, 1 and 2 cabins were equipped with 8 scallop capture ships, which adopt an original work mode. 3 and 4 cabins were equipped with 8 scallops capture ships, which were equipped with a work platform system and a folding cage. By the end of test every day, calculate the amounts of loading and unloading time of scallops and the rates of mantle shrink and mortality and breakage of scallops. 〈br〉 The results showed that by equipping the work platform system and folding cage, working efficiency was improved and the rates of mantle shrink and mortality and breakage of scallops were decreased. Scallops loading and unloading time of improved shipping transfer system were decreased 1.12 h and employed workers were reduced to 46. Rates of mantle shrink and mortality were decreased 1.43% and breakage rates of scallops were decreased 1.99%. Meanwhile, the improved shipping transfer system of scallops has significant economic benefit. According to statistics, an improved shipping transfer system can save an investment cost of 20.39821 million yuan per year. It is able to significantly reduce transport consumption, and ensure the scallops vividness. This method meets the development needs of green industry.