水传统与中国文化遗产的生命表达

Water Tradition and Life Expression of China's Cultural Heritage

水自古都是一面自然之镜。人类学家弗雷泽的《金枝》以古罗马内米湖畔圣树的祭司仪式遗产为开场,在远古的神话原型中确立"水木年华"的传承妙谛。人类学关注水的历史传统,形成了一个颇具特色的认知和知识谱系。河流被书写于文明的首页,大水与治水被视作同畴,而水利也就成了人类寄予的理想并进行实践和尝试。中国自古而下的水智慧不独在先哲的表述中体现,也落实在多元族群的生活、生产和生计上,成为中国文化遗产重要的生命表达,日益凸显了传统政治地理学之积弊。文章以水为经,以事为纬,将河流视为包容甚大的自然—文化遗产体系,以就教于学界。

Water has been a mirror of nature since ancient times. Anthropologist James George Frazer started his book Golden Bough with priest ritual heritage of scared tree on the woodland lake of Nemi in Romn,and thus established the excellent inheriting idea of ＂water and wood ages＂ in ancient mythology prototype. Anthropology concerns about the historical tradition of water,forming a distinctive cognitive and intellectual pedigree. Rivers was written on the first page of civilization,flood and water control are regarded as the same domain,and water conservancy has become an ideal for mankind＇s practicing and trying. Water wisdom was not only reflected in ancient philosophers＇ works, but was implemented in the life, production and livelihood of multi-ethnic groups since ancient times,thus water has become an important life expression of China＇s cultural heritages, and it also increasingly highlighted the long- standing abuse of traditional political geography. Taking water and events as two main threads, this paper regards rivers as Nature - Cultural Heritage System with great tolerance,aiming at learning something from the academic field.