婴幼儿肺炎支原体感染流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation on infantile Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

目的：调查婴幼儿肺炎支原体（MP）感染发病率、性别、发病季节及发病年龄分布。方法：应用SERODIAMYCOⅡ颗粒凝集方法对2010年1月~2012年12月在广州医科大学附属第二医院住院及门诊治疗的呼吸道感染婴幼儿进行血清肺炎支原体抗体（MP-IgM）检测。结果：共检测肺炎婴幼儿4 684例,其中男性患儿2 774例,女性患儿1 910例。共检测阳性1 586例,阳性率为33.86%;男性患儿阳性率（28.70%,796/2 774）低于女性患儿阳性率（41.36%,790/1 910）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=81.03,P〈0.05）。第4季度MP-IgM阳性率最高,为38.81%（484/1 247）,第1季度为36.07%（373/1034）,不同季度MP-IgM阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经χ2检验,7个年龄组患儿MP-IgM阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;MP-IgM阳性率0~0.5岁组最低（3.75%）,5~6岁组最高（54.29%）,3~6岁组较高,约40%~50%,可见婴幼儿MP-IgM阳性率随着年龄的增长而增长。2010~2012年MP-IgM阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,提示MP-IgM阳性率呈逐年下降趋势。结论：女性MP-IgM阳性率高于男性,MP-IgM感染的高峰期为第1季度和第4季度,MPIgM感染的高发年龄段为1~6岁,2010~2012年MP-IgM阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,临床上应加强对肺炎支原体肺炎的检测和防治。

Objective： To investigate the incidence rate, distributions of gender, season and age of infantile Mycoplasma pneumon- iae （MP） infection. Methods： SERODIAMYCO 1I particle agglutination method was used to detect serum MP- IgM in infants with respiratory tract infection treated in the hospital from January 2010 to December 2012. Results： A total of 4 684 infants with pneumonia were detected, including 2 774 boys and 1 910 girls. A total of 1 586 infants were found with positive MP - IgM, the positive rate of MP - IgM was 33.86% ; the positive rate of MP - IgM in boys （28.70%, 796/2 774） was statistically significantly lower than that in girls （41.36%, 790/1 910） （X2 = 81.03, P 〈 0. 05 ） . The positive rate of MP - IgM in the fourth quarter was 38. 81% （484/1247）, which was the highest, the positive rate of MP - IgM in the first quarter was 36.07% （373/1 034） , there was statistically significant difference among different seasons （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate of MP - IgM among infants in seven age groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the positive rate of MP - IgM in infants aged 0 - 0. 5 year old was the lowest （ 3.75 % ）, the positive rate of MP - IgM in infants aged 5 -6 years old was the highest （54. 29% ）, the positive rates of MP - IgM in infants aged 3 -6 years old were relatively high, which were about 40% - 50%, the positive rate of MP - IgM in infants increased with age. There was statistically significant difference in the positive rate of MP - IgM among 2010 -2012 （P 〈0. 05） , which indicated that the positive rate of MP - IgM decreased year by year. Conclusion： The positive rate of MP - IgM in girls is higher than that in boys, the peak periods of MP infection are in the first quarter and the fourth quarter, the peak age of MP infection are 1 - 6 years, the positive rate of MP - IgM decreased year by year from 2010 to 2012, MP pneumonia detection, prevention and treatment should be strengthened.