显著调控假眼小绿叶蝉行为的迷迭香挥发物鉴定

Identification of volatile compounds from rosemary that significantly affect the tea green leafhopper behavior

茶园生态系中生长着众多草本和木本植物,迷迭香就是其中常见的木本杂草。以其幼嫩部分为味源、茶园重要害虫假眼小绿叶蝉为试虫,用Y形管嗅觉仪做行为测定,以洁净空气为CK,发现随着味源剂量增加,其引诱的假眼小绿叶蝉数增至一个数值再减少,二者呈抛物线关系。从迷迭香挥发物中鉴定出46种化合物,包含醇类9种、酮类4种、酯类4种、酸类1种、烯烃类18种、烷烃类7种、醚类1种、醛类1种和酚类1种。醇类含量最大,占总量52.20%;单组分中桉树脑、左旋α-蒎烯和马鞭草烯酮的含量最大,分别占总量的42.54%、10.37%和6.82%。使用迷迭香挥发物中含量较大的25种组分为味源,每味源配制几种剂量,以正己烷为CK,用Y形管嗅觉仪进行行为测定,发现10-2g/mL樟脑、10-4g/mL石竹烯、10-6g/mL和10-8g/mLα-水芹烯、10-4g/mL和10-10g/mLα-松油醇、10-10g/mL和10-8g/mL桉树脑显著引诱假眼小绿叶蝉;而10-10g/mLβ-蒎烯显著排斥假眼小绿叶蝉。经分析认为:茶园中除了茶树之外,还有其它植物挥发物引诱假眼小绿叶蝉,可为筛选茶园中诱虫植物提供参考。

There exist the various herbaceous and woody plants in tea plantation ecosystem, among which the rosemary is a common woody plant species. Potential effect of volatiles from tender rosemary shoots with fresh leaves on the tea green leafhopper behavior was assayed using Y-tube olfactometer against the clear air as CK. The result showed that the numbers of the tea green leafhoppers to choose the rosemary odor source firstly increased as the increase of odor dosage, and then reduced as further increase of the odor dosage in a parabolic curve-like relationship. 46 volatile compounds were identified from the rosemary shoots with fresh leaves, including 9 alcohols, 4 ketones, 4 esters, 1 acid, 18 alkenes, 7 alkanes, 1 ether, 1 aldehyde and 1 phenol. Alcohol was the major volatile group with 52.20% of the total amount. Eucalyptol,1s- α-pinene and verbenone were three major components, accounting for 42.54%, 10.37% and 6.82% of the total content, respectively. From the identified rosemary volatile compounds, 25 synthetic candidates representing all the major and some minor components were tested in Y-tube tube olfactometer in several dosages on the tea green leafhoppers against hexane as CK. 10^-2g/mL camphor, 10^-4 g/mL caryophyllene, 10^-6 g/mL and 10^-8 g/mL α-phellandrene, 10^-4 g/mL and 10^-10 g/mL a-terpineol, lO-l^g/mL and lO-Sg/mL eucalyptol displayed a significant attraction to the leafhopper, whereas 10^-10g / mL /β-pinene showed a significant repellency. Thus, it is possible that other plant species in the tea plantation community might be also attractive the tea green leafhoppers, which can be considered as candidate plant species for screening the effective trap plants.