施磷对冬小麦—夏玉米体系产量和肥料利用效率的影响

Influences of phosphorus application on yield traits and properties of fertilizer utilization in wheat-maize rotation system

为确定本地区轮作体系的合理施磷阈值,提高肥料利用率,试验以冬小麦—夏玉米为研究对象进行了大田试验,研究了磷肥施用对小麦玉米产量、磷肥利用效率、土壤速效磷及土壤硝态氮含量等的影响。结果表明:合理施用磷肥可增加小麦和玉米的产量,当施磷量为120kg/hm2时,轮作体系的产量最高为17 620.69kg/hm2。磷肥利用效率会随着施磷量的增加而降低。施磷量的增加会增加土壤速效磷含量,降低土壤硝态氮含量,土壤硝态氮累积量也有所降低,但过高施磷量会造成硝态氮累积量的小幅上升。综合考虑轮作体系产量、磷肥利用特性和土壤速效磷、硝态氮的环境效应,120kg/hm2的施磷量较为合理。

In order to confirm the threshold level of phosphate fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers in rotation system of this region for meeting peoples food demands,the field experiment was conducted to research the impacts of phosphate fertilizer on yield of crop rotation,phosphate fertilizer use efficiency,available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen content of soil with winter wheat-summer maize rotation system as the research object.The results showed that reasonable use of phosphate fertilizer could increase the output of wheat and maile,and crop rotation system had the highest yield which was 17 620.69kg/hm2 when phosphorus application amount was 120kg/hm2.With the phosphorus application amounts increasing,phosphate fertilizer use efficiency reduced,and phosphate fertilizer use efficiency reduced of rotation system was much higher than that of wheat.The increase of phosphorus application amounts could raise rapid available phosphorus content of soil and decrease nitrate nitrogen content and accumulation of soil,while excess phosphorus application a-mounts would cause slight increase of nitrate nitrogen accumulation.Considering the factors including yield traits of crop rotation system,properties of phosphate fertilizer utilization and environmental effects of available phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen of soil,the amount of120kg/hm2 of phosphorus application could be more reasonable.