威胁敏感性的概念和测量:生理和认知两种取向

The Concept and Measurements of Threat Sensitivity: Physiological and Cognitive Approaches

对威胁敏感是人类在应对外部环境过程中不断发展的生存技能。威胁敏感性的研究主要存在两种取向:生理取向以敏感性强化理论为基础,将行为抑制系统的敏感性界定为威胁敏感性,量化为个体应对威胁时的生理、情绪和行为反应水平;认知取向以信息加工的认知风格理论为基础,将个体在对威胁信息加工过程中的敏感性偏向定义为威胁警觉,量化为威胁刺激呈现前后的预期水平和探测水平。未来研究还需进一步整合和界定威胁敏感性的概念内涵,验证各测量指标之间的关系,拓展不同种类威胁敏感性的研究方法。

Threat sensitivity is a survival skill developed from the human adaptation process. There are two approaches in threat sensitivity literatures. Physiological approach holds a reinforcement sensitivity perspective that defines threat sensitivity as the sensitivity of behavioral inhibition system, which is measured by the physical, emotional and behavioral responses to threats. Cognitive approach, based on cognitive style theory, defines threat vigilance as the sensitivity bias to threat in the information process. Threat sensitivity is measured by the expectation and detection level before and after the presence of threat. Future research should be engaged in integrating the definition further, verifying the relationship among the measurement indexes, extending research methods to test different kinds of threat sensitivity.