叶面喷施硫酸钾镁肥对不同部位烟叶镁、钾、钙吸收的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Magnesiumpotassium Sulfate Fertilizer on Absorption of Magnesium, Potassium and Calcium in Differentposition Tobacco Leaves

[目的]在云南省曲靖市植烟土壤交换性钙镁比超过20的缺镁烟区,通过土壤镁肥施用和叶面喷施进行钙镁比调控,了解其对烤烟钾、钙、镁吸收的影响,为曲靖市缺镁烟区烤烟的平衡施肥技术提供理论依据和生产指导。[方法]通过田间小区试验,采用完全随机区组设计,以不施镁肥作为对照,分别设3个叶面喷施硫酸钾镁肥处理和2个根层施镁+叶面喷施处理。采集根、茎、上部叶、中部叶和下部叶5个部位进行烘干称重,并且粉碎制样,测定钾、钙、镁含量;每个小区从初烤烟叶中选取上部(B2F)、中部(C3F)下部(X2F)样品,分析烟叶全钾、钙、镁含量。[结果]从不同部位来看,叶面喷施及土壤施用和叶面喷施配合调控钙镁比提高了中、下部烟叶对镁、钾的吸收以及下部烟叶对钙的吸收,但降低了上部烟叶对镁、钾、钙的吸收以及中部烟叶对钙的吸收。烟叶不同部位镁、钾、钙的累积分配量比较表现为中部叶>下部叶>上部叶;从不同部位来看,中、上部烟叶钙镁比、钾镁比降低,下部烟叶钙镁比增加,而下部烟叶钾镁比处理之间没有差异。[结论]叶面喷施及土壤施用和叶面喷施配合调控对烟叶钙镁比、钾镁比的影响,主要是通过影响镁的吸收。

[Objective] ln the Mg-deficient （exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio ＆gt; 20） tobacco-growing areas in Qujing City of Yunnan Province, the ratio of Ca/Mg was adjusted by applying Mg fertilizer in soil and spraying Mg fertilizer on tobacco leaves. ln ad-dition, the effects of Mg fertilization on the absorption of K, Ca and Mg in flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated, providing theoretical basis and production guidance for the balanced fertilization technology in the Mg-deficient flue-cured to-bacco-growing areas in Qujing City of Yunnan Province. [Method] The field plot test and randomized complete block design were adopted in this research. The group without Mg fertilization was treated as control. There were 3 treatment groups for foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer and 2 treatment groups for soil application ＋ foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer. The tobac-co roots, stems, lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves were dried and weighed. They were grinded for the determination of K, Ca and Mg content. The total K, Ca and Mg content in upper （B2F）, middle （C3F） and lower （X2F） flue-cured tobacco leaves in each plot was measured. [Result] The foliar spraying and soil application ＋ foliar spraying al increased the absorption of Mg and K in middle and lower tobacco leaves and the absorption of Ca in lower tobacco leaves, but de-creased the absorption of Mg, K and Ca in upper leaves and the absorption of Ca in middle leaves. Among the positions, the accumulated distribution of Mg, K and Ca ranked as middle leaves ＆gt; lower leaves ＆gt; upper leaves. With the application of Mg fertilizer, the Ca/Mg ratio and K/Mg ratio al decreased in middle and upper to-bacco leaves; while the Ca/Mg ratio increased in the lower tobacco leaves, and the K/Mg ratio showed no significant difference among treatment groups. [Conclusion] The foliar spraying and soil application ＋ foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer affected the Ca/Mg ratio and K/Mg ratio in tobacco leaves mainly through affecting the absorption of Mg.