埃及的本土埃及学研究的历史与现状

The History and the Present Situation of the Indigenous Egyptological Research in Egypt

埃及的本土埃及学,经历了一个酝酿、开拓、发展、繁荣的发展历程。接受欧洲近代文化的知识分子,努力传播埃及学的知识,为本土埃及学的出现奠定了基础。本土埃及学发轫于欧洲列强斗争的夹缝中,形成了以卡马尔为代表的第一代埃及学家、以哈桑为代表的第二代埃及学家,这两代埃及学家是本土埃及学的开拓者。在1922年埃及独立、图坦卡蒙法老陵寝发现的刺激下,埃及学领域也出现了反殖民主义的声音,从而极大促进了本土埃及学的发展,本土埃及学进入了一个快速发展时期,逐步形成了第三代本土埃及学家群体,他们的成就得到了西方埃及学界的认可。20世纪50、60年代以来,本土埃及学进入繁荣期,第四代本土埃及学家在考古上取得了举世瞩目的成就,研究领域日益拓宽。

The indigenous Egyptology in Egypt has gone through a process of preparing, beginning, development and prosperity. The intellectuals who accepted the modern European culture strove to spread the knowledge of Egyptology in Egypt and laid a foundation for the emergence of the indigenous Egyptology. From the cracks of the European powers struggle, the first generation of indigenous Egyptologists emerged with Kamal as the representative, while the second generation of indigenous Egyptologists was represented by Hassan. Due to the stimulation of the Egyptian independence in 1922 and the discovery of Pharaoh Tutankhamen's tomb, a voice of de-colonialism in the field of Egyptology was made, and it greatly promoted the indigenous Egyptology and made it a rapid development. The third generation of indigenous Egyptologist group came into being gradually, and their achievements had been recognized by the Western Egyptological circle. Since the 1950 s and 1960 s, the indigenous Egyptology reached its stage of full development. After that, the fourth generation of the indigenous Egyptologists has made remarkable archaeological achievements.