历史语境中的退休政策调整:概念谱系、层叠问题与改革方略

Retirement Policy Adjustment in Historical Context:Concept Pedigree,Cascading Problems and Reform Strategy

人口、经济与社会结构多重转变引致中国退休年龄固化、退休方式僵化、退休待遇不公,退休政策调整的社会基础薄弱、工具结构单一、手段行政化等问题叠加凸显,并催生从鼓励提前退休到倡导延迟退休的政策演变。中国要以系统性政策变革为应对思路,以全方位满足退休的差异化需求为功能定位,以激励性弹性退休体系为调整方向,构建目标一工具一手段有机衔接的调整模式,创建制度改革、参数调整和环境改善三位一体的工具体系,探索多层次、分阶段、间隔式延迟的调整路径。

The multiple changes in demographic, economic and social structures cause the rigid retirement age, ossified retirement manner, and unfair retirement benefits, as well as weak social basis, the singular and bureaucratic tool of policy adjustment, and also lead to the policy adjustment from early retirement to delayed retirement. Therefore, China should regard the systematic reform of retirement policy as the main way, take meeting the needs of different people as functional orientation,and see incentive flexible retirement system as the direction of policy adjustment. Moreover, China should build the organic targets-tools-means adjustment mode, creat trinity tool with system reform, parameter adjustment, and environmental improvement, and follow the multi-level, multi-phased and progressive adjustment path.