隧道三维点云施工监测技术与应用

3D Point Cloud Monitoring Technology and its Application in Tunnels

隧道工程作为特殊的地下工程构筑物,施工过程具有很大的难度和风险,对施工过程进行信息化监测十分重要。采用三维激光扫描测量技术,通过三维点云测量,可以进行隧道开挖过程与模型对比分析、变形对比分析和侵限对比分析,及时地掌握隧道施工过程中隧道的沉降和收敛情况、隧道结构的受力和变形情况,为及时调整支护参数、确定二次衬砌最佳时机和修改设计提供可靠的依据;并可依监测成果进行隧道施工安全风险预警预报和风险分级管理。工程实践表明,三维激光扫描系统具有速度快、精度高等优点;测量结果与Leica TPS1200全站仪对比表明,精度符合规范规定的相关要求,数据十分接近。

Underground engineering is full of difficulties and risks during tunnel construction,and observational monitoring is becoming more and more important in the course of tunneling construction.Using 3D laser scanning measurement technology,and based on 3D point cloud monitoring,a comparative analysis is carried out in terms of the tunnel excavation process,deformation,and clearance intrusions,the purposes of which are：（1） to trace tunnel settlement,convergence,stress and deformation;（2） to provide a dependable basis for adjusting the support parameters,installing the secondary lining at an optimum time,and modifying the design scheme; and（3） to provide early warning and alarms and risk management based on monitoring results.Engineering practices indicate that the 3D laser scanning system is characterized by high speed and high precision,and its measurement precision meets the specified requirements with the data being very close to that of the Leica TPS1200 total station.