高功能孤独症儿童对真人和卡通面部表情识别特点

Facial emotion recognition in children with high functioning autism

目的了解高功能孤独症儿童对真人和卡通面部表情的识别情况,为孤独症儿童研究提供实证依据。方法从南昌市2所孤独症儿童特殊教育机构筛选出10名高功能孤独症儿童,对照组为心理年龄匹配组和生理年龄匹配组(各10名)。通过呈现标准化的实验材料,记录被试儿童的各种反应指标。结果高功能孤独症儿童愤怒表情识别率为(0.63±0.24)%,低于生理匹配组的(0.84±0.09)%和心理匹配组的(0.78±0.10)%(F=4.665,P=0.018)。组内比较表明,高功能孤独症儿童和正常儿童均对喜悦表情的识别率高于对悲伤、愤怒、恐惧等负性表情,对高强度图片识别率高于低强度图片(P值均<0.05)。正常儿童在喜悦、悲伤、愤怒和恐惧表情的识别反应时比高功能孤独症儿童更短;被试儿童均对高强度图片的识别反应时短于低强度图片(P值均<0.05)。结论高功能孤独症儿童在愤怒表情的识别存在缺陷;不同强度的情绪图片会对儿童的情绪认知有重要影响。

Objective To evaluate facial emotion recognition in children with high functioning autism, and to provide evi- dence for the research. Methods DSM-IV, clinical diagnosis and Wechsler Intelligence Test was used to the diagnosis of 10 chil- dren with high functioning autism. The control group consisted of two match group ： developmentally age-matched and physiological age-matched group. Standardized experimental stimuli and records were conducted among each participant. Results The face rec- ognition rate in autism group was significantly lower than the two control groups in the recognition of anger expressions. Children with high functioning autism and normal control were much easier to recognize positive expressions than negative expressions （ sad- ness, anger, fear etc）. Recognition rate to high-intensity images was higher than that of low-intensity images. Normal children are much quicker than high functioning autism in recognition of the expressions of joy, sadness, anger and fear. Normal children and high function autistic react quicker in the recognition of high-intensity images than that of low-intensity images. Conclusion High functioning autism has defects in the recognition of anger expression. Emotional pictures with different intensity exert important in- fluence on the recognition rate and response to expression recognition of autistic and normal children.