密云水库上游河流底栖动物群落结构与水质评价

Benthic macroinvertebrates community structure and water quality assessment of upstream rivers of Miyun Reservoir

于2013年5月至10月对密云水库上游河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物(以下简称底栖动物)进行了采样调查。结果表明,采集到的底栖动物隶属于4门10纲16目45科,其中以节肢动物种类最多,占总数的80%,且水生昆虫占总数的67%,出现频率最高的是节肢动物门蜉蝣目蜉蝣科的昆虫,出现频率达87%;从分布来看,白河流域采集到的底栖动物种类最多、密度最高,而潮河流域采集到的底栖动物生物量最大;以底栖动物为指示生物的水质评价结果显示,密云水库上游河流中50%采样点的水质为Ⅰ级(清洁),其余50%为Ⅱ级(轻微污染),水质整体较好,与现场生境调查和水质监测的结果相吻合。

The investigation of benthic macroinvertebrates community structure in upstream rivers of Miyun Reservoir was carried out during May to October 2013.The samples of benthic macroinvertebrates belonged to 4phyla,10 classes,16orders,45 families.The most species of macroinvertebrate was arthropod,which accounted for 80%of the total benthic macroinvertebrates,and aquatic insects accounted for 67%.The commonly occurred macroinvertebrate was naiads of order Ephemeroptera,family Ephemerdae,its occurrence frequency was 87%.From the species distribute,Baihe river basin had the highest diversity and density of macroinvertebrate species while Chaohe river basin got the most biomass of macroinvertebrate.The results by three indices of benthic macroinvertebrates showed that50%of the water samples belonged to levelⅠ（clean）and the rest of water samples were levelⅡ（light pollution）.Overall,the water quality in upstream rivers of Miyun Reservoir was good.The water quality assessment results coincided with field habitat survey and water monitoring results.