河南省中学生家庭生活主观快乐感及其影响因素分析

Subjective happiness of family life and influencing factors among middle school students in Henan

目的了解河南省中学生家庭生活快乐感及其影响因素,为培养儿童青少年健全人格和促进儿童青少年身心健康提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在河南省7个省辖市70所学校抽取初高中学生21 870名,对其家庭生活主观快乐感及心理健康状况以班级为单位进行集体问卷调查。结果河南省中学生自觉家庭生活快乐的学生占75.32%,重点中学学生自觉家庭生活快乐的检出率高于普通中学学生(χ2=9.93,P<0.05),普通高中学生自觉家庭生活快乐的检出率高于职业高中学生;自评学习成绩好的学生高于学习成绩差的学生;在三代家庭中生活的儿童自觉家庭生活快乐检出率最高(79.39%),双亲家庭次之(77.16%),重组家庭最低(38.85%);自觉家庭生活不快乐的学生心理问题的检出率高于一般和快乐的学生(χ2=1 415.84,P<0.01)。逐步回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、城乡、家庭结构类型、学习成绩是中学生家庭生活主观快乐感的主要影响因素(P值均<0.05)。结论中学生家庭生活快乐感具有明显的性别、城乡和年龄差异,家庭生活快乐感对学生的心理健康状况有较大的影响。

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of subjective happiness of family life among middle school students. Methods A total of 21 870 middle school students were selected from 70 schools in 7 cities by stratified cluster sampling,and then they were investigated with questionnaire class by class. Results Students who felt happy family life accounted for 75. 32% among all the respondents. The detection rates of subjective happiness of family life were higher in key middle school students than ordinary middle school students; while the rates in ordinary senior middle school students were higher than those in vocational high school; Students who had good self-assessment in their academic had higher detection rates of subjective happiness of family life. Students growing in family with three generations had highest detection rates of subjective happiness of family life,the rates in reconstituted family were lowest. Students who had unhappy family life had higher detection rates of psychological problems. Multiple stepwise regressive analysis showed that family structure and the academic record were the main influencing factors of subjective happiness of family life among middle school students. Conclusion The subjective happiness of family life has significant differences between genders and among age groups,and students in urban and rural also have different subjective happiness of family life. Subjective happiness of family life has great impact on middle school students＇ mental health.