北京市房山区中小学生自我体形评价分析

Body image perception among primary and secondary school students in Fangshan District of Beijing

目的了解北京市房山区7-18岁中小学生的体形特征及其对自身体形的认知和满意度等,为进一步肥胖防控提出意见与建议。方法选取北京市房山区城、乡学校各8所,其中小学、初中各4所,利用整群随机抽样方法共调查3 414名学生,测量身高体重,并填写调查问卷。结果学生超重肥胖率为34.5%,其中城市学生为37.5%,乡村学生为31.4%,城市高于乡村（χ^2=14.6,P〈0.01）;男、女生超重肥胖率分别为39.2%,29.2%,男生高于女生（χ^2=39.6,P〈0.01）;随年龄增加超重肥胖率逐渐下降。对标准体形的选择男生（4.06）大于女生（3.77）,乡村（3.95）大于城市（3.88）,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为10.4,2.6,P值均〈0.05）。体形不满意度评分肥胖组〉超重组〉非超重肥胖组,城市（0.51）高于乡村（0.40）,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.1,P〈0.05）。结论北京市房山区中小学生超重肥胖现状较为严重,部分学生未建立正确的标准体形观念。应加强学生体形认知教育,特别是对乡村、男生。

Objective To investigate body image perception and satisfaction among primary and secondary school students and to give some suggestions on obesity prevention. Methods A total of 3 414 students from 16 schools（4 primary schools and 4secondary schools in urban and rural areas,respectively） were recruited by cluster random sampling method. Data on height,weight,and body image were collected. Results The results showed that the total prevalence of overweight and obesity was34. 5%. The rate in urban areas（37. 5%） was higher than that in rural（31. 4%） areas（ P〈0. 01）. Overweight and obesity among boys（39. 2%） was more common than that of girls（29. 2%）（P〈0. 01）. The prevalence decreased with age. Mean ideal image score was higher in boys（4. 06） and students from rural areas than girls and urban students. The body dissatisfaction scores（BD） across different weight status were： obesity〉 overweight〉 normal weight. Body dissatisfaction score in urban areas（0.51）was higher than that of areas（0. 40）. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in Beijing adolescents. Many students have misconceptions of their body. Health education on body image is urgently needed and might be an effective strategy in prevention and control of obesity,especially for rural and male students.