云南省2005—2012年学生肺结核疫情分析

Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Yunnan province during 2005—2012

目的了解云南省学生肺结核流行情况,为制定干预措施提供参考。方法利用2005—2012年云南省疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告发病资料和结核病管理信息系统登记病例资料,描述性统计分析学生肺结核发病情况及流行趋势。结果 2005年以来,学生活动性肺结核和涂阳肺结核发病率下降迅速,2012年已降到13.96/10万和3.09/10万;学生每年均列肺结核职业构成顺位的第2位,学生肺结核占全部报告肺结核的比例呈逐年下降趋势;学生肺结核中男、女生比例接近,与全人群比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=808.6,P〈0.01）;15-24岁年龄组学生肺结核发病数最多,占学生肺结核总人数的69.45%,登记构成从2009年开始以涂阴为主;结防机构登记治疗病例以初治为主,复治病人逐年减少;学生肺结核在每年4月份发病人数最多;学生肺结核病例就诊延迟时间较全人群短。结论学校肺结核疫情虽整体呈下降趋势,但集中出现疫情的可能性随时存在,必须予以高度重视,进一步加强学校结核病防治宣传教育工作。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tuberculosis among students in Yunnan,and to provide the reference for developing tuberculosis prevention and control measures. Methods The reported incidence and registered cases of tuberculosis were analyzed both from the information management system of the disease monitoring and the information management system of the tuberculosis during 2005- 2012 in Yunnan. Results From 2005,the reported incidence of active tuberculosis and smear-positive tuberculosis among students decreased rapidly,and has fallen to 13. 96 /100 000 and 3. 09 /100 000 in 2012;Students ranked the 2nd in the vocational structure of the tuberculosis,the proportion of students with tuberculosis in registering cases was decreasing annually; The proportion of schoolboy who with tuberculosis was close to the girl and with significant difference compared to the total population（P〈0. 01）,15- 24 age group was the highest incidence group of students. From 2009,the main constitution of registration had turned to smear negative; The great majority of registered treatment cases in TB institutions was initial treatment,retreatment cases has decreased year by year; The time interval of highest incidence for TB among students was April; There was treatment-delay among student cases,but the delay time was shorter than the whole population. Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis in the school tends to decrease on the whole,but the concentrate epidemic still may happen at any time wherefore we should pay more attention to this situation and further strengthen the propaganda and education of TB prevention and control in the school.