耕作方式对玉米生长发育、根分布及产量形成的影响

Effect of Different Tillage on the Development,Root Distribution and Yield in Maize

以郑单958为试验材料,大田条件下通过传统耕作(CK)、隔行深松(T1)和行行深松(T2)研究耕作方式对春玉米根系空间分布与地上部生长发育和产量的影响。与CK相比,T1、T2处理根总量较大,根系空间分布合理,利于根系吸收深层土壤的水分及养分;叶面积在前期T1、T2处理优势不明显,生长中后期叶面积指数均高于CK;深松处理(T1、T2)的单株干物质积累量增加,最大干物质积累速率加快,达到最大干物质积累速率的日期(Tmax)推迟,干物质积累速率最大时的生长量(Wmax)增大,生长活跃天数(p)延长,单株干物质积累潜力(Dwp)明显升高。深松处理明显增加玉米产量,T1、T2处理较CK产量分别提高4.72%和5.46%。深松增产的主要因素在于千粒重的提高,两个深松处理(T1、T2)之间产量未达到显著差异;相对于T2处理,T1处理节约动力、经济效益较高。

Zhengdan958 was chose as the material, through plough and subsoiling to create three different ara- ble layer structure, CK （loosen soil at the top of arable layer and solid soil at the bottom）; TI（ loosen soil and solid soil were coexisted in vertical direction, and solid soil was more than loosen soil）; T2（ loosen soil and solid soil were also coexisted in vertical direction, but loosen soil was more than solid soil） to investigate the effect of structure of ar- able layer on the distribution of maize root and the development of maize ground. Compared with CK, the root weight of T1, T2 was relative large, and the distribution of root was reasonable, it was convenient for root to absorb water and nutrient in deep soil layer; LAI was not performed advantage in the earlier stage, but the LAI of T1, T2 was high- er than CK in the later stage; the dry matter accumulation per plant of subsoiling was increased, the maximum rate of dry matter accumulation was increased, day of growth was prolong, the potential of dry matter accumulation was improved obviously. Yield of subsoiling treatment was higher than CK, increased by 4.72%, 5.46%. The main rea- son for subsoiling improved yield was the increased of weight of 1 000-grain, moreover, compared with T2, T1 bring about obvious effect in reduction of equipment cost, decrease of power consumption.