仰韶文化坠饰述论

On the Yangshao Culture Ornaments Pendant

新石器时代,装饰品的使用开始普及,考古发现的仰韶文化装饰品十分丰富,坠饰作为其中一种,在所有出土的仰韶文化装饰品中数量较大。仰韶文化的坠饰多以石、陶、玉、绿松石、角、牙、蚌为材料,经切割、刮削、雕琢、钻孔、精磨及火烧制成。其中有的可单件直接戴挂,有的与珠、管等组合成各种串饰使用。装饰的人体部位从前额、耳、颈、胸,一直到腰,有些还作为臂饰。本文对仰韶文化遗址和墓葬出土的坠饰的发现及材质进行考古学考察,并尝试对其功能、制作工艺及渊源做初步探讨。

In the Neolithic Age, the personal ornaments became more and more popular; the archaeological discovery personal ornaments of the Yangshao culture are also very rich. As one category of them, pendants took a rather large proportion in the personal ornaments unearthed from the remains of Yangshao cuhure. The pendants of Yangshao culture were mostly made of stone, pottery, jade, turquoise, horn, tooth, shell, etc. by cutting, scraping, engraving, drilling, precise grinding and baking, and so on. Some of them can be used independently as an ornament, and some were strung together with other beads, tubes, etc. into assembled ornaments. The parts of the human body decorated with these pendants including forehead, ears, neck, chest and waist, some of them were used as bracelets. This paper makes an archaeological survey to the pend- ants used as personal ornaments unearthed from the sites and burials of Yangshao culture and the materials they were made of, and tries to make explorations to their functions, making techniques and origins and developments.