高温干燥和高温高湿处理蚕丝织物的老化状况分析

An Analysis on Aging of Silk Fabrics Treated Under High Temperature Low Humidity and High Temperature High Humidity Conditions

研究不同温度、湿度条件下蚕丝织物的老化速度及老化程度,为科学制定丝绸文物保护和储藏技术方案提供依据。分别将蚕丝织物置于75、100、125和150℃的高温干燥及高温高湿环境中处理20 d,在不同处理时间取样测试蚕丝织物的力学性能、表面形貌、红外光谱和氨基酸含量。在高温干燥或高温高湿条件下,处理温度越高蚕丝织物的断裂强力下降速度越快、下降程度越高,丝纤维表面形貌的变化程度越显著,丝蛋白中的酪氨酸含量下降明显,且丝纤维酰胺Ⅰ区的吸收峰位向低波数方向移动。当温度达到125℃、150℃时,高温高湿处理蚕丝织物样品的—NH伸缩振动吸收峰峰形变窄且相对峰强度增大,丝蛋白中的天冬氨酸和苯丙氨酸的含量也明显下降;而高温干燥处理样品的变化不明显。研究结果表明:温度越深,蚕丝织物的老化速度越快,老化程度越深,并且高温高湿的影响更为明显。

In order to provided scientific evidence for establishing technological procedures to protect and preserve silk relics,the aging rate aging and degree of silk fabrics under different temperature and humidity conditions was analyzed. Silk fabrics were treated under high temperature（ 75 ℃,100 ℃,125 ℃ and 150 ℃） low humidity and high temperature high humidity conditions for 20 d. The treated silk fabrics were sampled at different time for characterizing their mechanical morphology,apparent morphology,infrared spectrum,and amino acid content. The results showed that,under high temperature low humidity or high temperature high humidity condition,the higher the treatment temperature,the faster and greater the breaking strength of silk fabrics dropped,and the more the silk fiber surface deformed. Tyrosine content in silk protein decreased obviously. Moreover,the absorption peak of AmideⅠ in silk fiber moved to the low wave number direction. Under high humidity condition,when temperature reached 125 ℃ and 150℃,the stretching vibration absorption peak of —NH in silk fabric samples became sharper and higher,and the contents of aspartic acid and phenylalanine in silk proteins also decreased. No such changes were observed under high temperature low humidity condition. These above results reveal that the aging rate and aging degree of silk fabrics increase with temperature, and the impact of high temperature high humidity is more significant.