昆虫杆状病毒囊膜蛋白GP64与宿主细胞表面因子互作的研究综述

Research Progresses in the Interaction Between Baculovirus Envelope Protein GP64 and Host Cell Surface Factors

昆虫杆状病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的研究成果在病害防治和基因治疗、真核表达系统及基因工程疫苗生产等方面都极具应用价值。杆状病毒在对宿主昆虫细胞的感染周期中会产生遗传物质相同,但形态结构各异的出芽型病毒粒子(BV)和包涵体衍生型病毒粒子(ODV)。ODV经口感染昆虫中肠引发原发性感染后,BV在感染细胞或组织间水平传播引起宿主昆虫的全身性感染。GP64作为BV囊膜上的一种主要融合蛋白,在介导病毒的感染和水平传播过程中发挥了关键作用。本文综述囊膜蛋白GP64介导BV进入宿主细胞的方式,特别是在BV病毒感染宿主昆虫细胞和转导哺乳动物细胞中发挥作用的具体功能域,包括直接参与病毒结合并进入宿主细胞的区域(终端融合环、肝素结合区域和胆固醇识别氨基酸共识域)以及与宿主细胞表面因子磷脂质、胆固醇、硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖间的互作等研究进展,从分子水平阐述杆状病毒BV与宿主细胞的相互作用。

Research achievements on interaction of insect baculovirus with host cells have high applicative values in terms of disease control,gene therapy,eukaryotic expression systems,and genetically engineered vaccine production.During the infectious cycle of baculovirus in host cells,budded virus（ BV） and occlusion-derived virus（ ODV） particles which have identical genetic substance but different phenotypes are produced. After oral infection of ODV which causes primary infection in insect midgut,BV spreads horizontally in infected cells and tissues,leading to whole body infection of the host insect. GP64,as a main membrane fusion protein in BV envelop,plays a key role in mediating viral infection and horizontal spreading. In this review,we summarized research progresses on the entry of BV bearing GP64 into host cells,especially the functional domains of GP64 envelop protein involved in virus infection and transduction,including domains directly participating viral binding and internalization to host cells（ the terminal fusion loops,heparin-binding domain,and cholesterol recognition amino acid consensus domains） as well as interactions between phospholipids,cholesterol and heparan sulfate proteoglycan of host cell surface factors,revealing the molecular mechanisms of interactions between baculovirus BV and host cells.