从中俄文学交往看鲁迅《狂人日记》的现代意义——兼与果戈理同名小说比较

The Modernity in Lu Xun's “The Diary of a Madman” from the Perspective of Literary Communication between Russia and China

作为中国现代小说滥觞,鲁迅的小说《狂人日记》与俄国小说家果戈理的同名小说有着直接的借鉴关系,但这并不妨碍其独创性才华的呈现,也不意味着这种事实联系对鲁迅作品的文本阐释和文学史意义的确认具有决定性,更不能把鲁迅的创作发生限定在与果戈理或中俄之间的某一条线索。不过从另一方面说,这一直接的借鉴关系,可以为我们分析鲁迅的创作及其意义提供了一个发生学意义上的切入点。我们本文拟通过两个跨文化文本的对比分析,讨论鲁迅作品作为中国现代主义文学(小说)标志性成就的意义,其发生因素的多元性及其创造性,进而分析中国现代先锋文学的特点,也借此为跨文化的文学关系研究提供一个案例。

Lu xun＇s “The Diary of a Madman”, which initiated Chinese modem fiction, is directly influenced by Nikolai Gogol＇s story of the same title. Gogol＇s influence, however, does not keep Lu Xun from exhibiting his literary originality, and is not a decisive factor for the determination of Lu Xun＇s textual interpretation and historical significance. Lu Xun＇s creation of the story, moreover, cannot be attributed exclusively to Gogol＇s influence. Gogol＇s direct influence on Lu Xun, nevertheless, may provide us with a valuable start point for the interpretation of the creation of Lu Xun＇s story. The paper is to make a comparative analysis of the two transcultural stories to study Lu Xun＇s achievement as a representative figure of Chinese modernist literature, his originality and multiplicity of crea- tion, and the characteristics of Chinese modernist avant-garde literature.